*netrw.txt*

	    ------------------------------------------------
	    NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL    by Charles E. Campbell
	    ------------------------------------------------
Original Author:  Charles E. Campbell

Copyright: Copyright (C) 2017 Charles E Campbell    *netrw-copyright*
	The VIM LICENSE applies to the files in this package, including
        netrw.vim, netrw.txt, netrwSettings.vim, and
	syntax/netrw.vim.  Like anything else that's free, netrw.vim and its
	associated files are provided *as is* and comes with no warranty of
	any kind, either expressed or implied.  No guarantees of
	merchantability.  No guarantees of suitability for any purpose.  By
	using this plugin, you agree that in no event will the copyright
	holder be liable for any damages resulting from the use of this
	software. Use at your own risk!  For bug reports, see |bugs|.

		*netrw*
		*dav*    *ftp*    *netrw-file*  *rcp*    *scp*
		*davs*   *http*   *netrw.vim*   *rsync*  *sftp*
		*fetch*  *network*

==============================================================================
1. Contents						*netrw-contents* {{{1

1.  Contents..............................................|netrw-contents|
2.  Starting With Netrw...................................|netrw-start|
3.  Netrw Reference.......................................|netrw-ref|
      EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS.................|netrw-externapp|
      READING.............................................|netrw-read|
      WRITING.............................................|netrw-write|
      SOURCING............................................|netrw-source|
      DIRECTORY LISTING...................................|netrw-dirlist|
      CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD....................|netrw-chgup|
      VARIABLES AND SETTINGS..............................|netrw-variables|
      PATHS...............................................|netrw-path|
4.  Network-Oriented File Transfer........................|netrw-xfer|
      NETRC...............................................|netrw-netrc|
      PASSWORD............................................|netrw-passwd|
5.  Activation............................................|netrw-activate|
6.  Transparent Remote File Editing.......................|netrw-transparent|
7.  Ex Commands...........................................|netrw-ex|
8.  Variables and Options.................................|netrw-variables|
9.  Browsing..............................................|netrw-browse|
      Introduction To Browsing............................|netrw-intro-browse|
      Quick Reference: Maps...............................|netrw-browse-maps|
      Quick Reference: Commands...........................|netrw-browse-cmds|
      Banner Display......................................|netrw-I|
      Bookmarking A Directory.............................|netrw-mb|
      Browsing............................................|netrw-cr|
      Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory........|netrw-s-cr|
      Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window...........|netrw-o|
      Browsing With A New Tab.............................|netrw-t|
      Browsing With A Vertically Split Window.............|netrw-v|
      Change Listing Style (thin wide long tree)..........|netrw-i|
      Changing To A Bookmarked Directory..................|netrw-gb|
      Quick hide/unhide of dot-files......................|netrw-gh|
      Changing local-only File Permission.................|netrw-gp|
      Changing To A Predecessor Directory.................|netrw-u|
      Changing To A Successor Directory...................|netrw-U|
      Deleting Bookmarks..................................|netrw-mB|
      Deleting Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-D|
      Directory Exploring Commands........................|netrw-explore|
      Exploring With Stars and Patterns...................|netrw-star|
      Displaying Information About File...................|netrw-qf|
      Edit File Or Directory Hiding List..................|netrw-ctrl-h|
      Editing The Sorting Sequence........................|netrw-S|
      Forcing treatment as a file or directory............|netrw-gd| |netrw-gf|
      Going Up............................................|netrw--|
      Hiding Files Or Directories.........................|netrw-a|
      Improving Browsing..................................|netrw-ssh-hack|
      Listing Bookmarks And History.......................|netrw-qb|
      Making A New Directory..............................|netrw-d|
      Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory.|netrw-cd|
      Marking Files.......................................|netrw-mf|
      Unmarking Files.....................................|netrw-mF|
      Marking Files By Location List......................|netrw-qL|
      Marking Files By QuickFix List......................|netrw-qF|
      Marking Files By Regular Expression.................|netrw-mr|
      Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command...............|netrw-mx|
      Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command, En Bloc......|netrw-mX|
      Marked Files: Arbitrary Vim Command.................|netrw-mv|
      Marked Files: Argument List.........................|netrw-ma| |netrw-mA|
      Marked Files: Buffer List...........................|netrw-cb| |netrw-cB|
      Marked Files: Compression And Decompression.........|netrw-mz|
      Marked Files: Copying...............................|netrw-mc|
      Marked Files: Diff..................................|netrw-md|
      Marked Files: Editing...............................|netrw-me|
      Marked Files: Grep..................................|netrw-mg|
      Marked Files: Hiding and Unhiding by Suffix.........|netrw-mh|
      Marked Files: Moving................................|netrw-mm|
      Marked Files: Printing..............................|netrw-mp|
      Marked Files: Sourcing..............................|netrw-ms|
      Marked Files: Setting the Target Directory..........|netrw-mt|
      Marked Files: Tagging...............................|netrw-mT|
      Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks......|netrw-Tb|
      Marked Files: Target Directory Using History........|netrw-Th|
      Marked Files: Unmarking.............................|netrw-mu|
      Netrw Browser Variables.............................|netrw-browser-var|
      Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities.........|netrw-incompatible|
      Netrw Settings Window...............................|netrw-settings-window|
      Obtaining A File....................................|netrw-O|
      Preview Window......................................|netrw-p|
      Previous Window.....................................|netrw-P|
      Refreshing The Listing..............................|netrw-ctrl-l|
      Reversing Sorting Order.............................|netrw-r|
      Renaming Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-R|
      Selecting Sorting Style.............................|netrw-s|
      Setting Editing Window..............................|netrw-C|
10. Problems and Fixes....................................|netrw-problems|
11. Credits...............................................|netrw-credits|

==============================================================================
2. Starting With Netrw					*netrw-start* {{{1

Netrw makes reading files, writing files, browsing over a network, and
local browsing easy!  First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so
you'll need to have at least the following in your <.vimrc>:
(or see |netrw-activate|) >

	set nocp                    " 'compatible' is not set
	filetype plugin on          " plugins are enabled
<
(see |'cp'| and |:filetype-plugin-on|)

Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls
(see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an
account on some other machine; if you can use scp, try: >

	vim scp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check out |netrw-ssh-hack|!

So, what if you have ftp, not ssh/scp?  That's easy, too; try >

	vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ftp simpler to use?  See if your ftp supports a file called
<.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write
permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc),
and has lines resembling >

	machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
	machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
	...
	default          login USERID password "PASSWORD"
<
Windows' ftp doesn't support .netrc; however, one may have in one's .vimrc:  >

   let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\MyUserName\MACHINE'
<
Netrw will substitute the host's machine name for "MACHINE" from the URL it is
attempting to open, and so one may specify >
	userid
	password
for each site in a separate file: c:\Users\MyUserName\MachineName.

Now about browsing -- when you just want to look around before editing a
file.  For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory: >

	vim .
	vim /home/userid/path
<
For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that
the directory name is followed by a "/"): >

	vim scp://hostname/
	vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/
<
See |netrw-browse| for more!

There are more protocols supported by netrw than just scp and ftp, too: see the
next section, |netrw-externapp|, on how to use these external applications with
netrw and vim.

PREVENTING LOADING					*netrw-noload*

If you want to use plugins, but for some reason don't wish to use netrw, then
you need to avoid loading both the plugin and the autoload portions of netrw.
You may do so by placing the following two lines in your <.vimrc>: >

	:let g:loaded_netrw       = 1
	:let g:loaded_netrwPlugin = 1
<

==============================================================================
3. Netrw Reference					*netrw-ref* {{{1

   Netrw supports several protocols in addition to scp and ftp as mentioned
   in |netrw-start|.  These include dav, fetch, http,... well, just look
   at the list in |netrw-externapp|.  Each protocol is associated with a
   variable which holds the default command supporting that protocol.

EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS			*netrw-externapp* {{{2

	Protocol  Variable	       Default Value
	--------  ----------------     -------------
	   dav:   *g:netrw_dav_cmd*      = "cadaver"    if cadaver is executable
	   dav:   g:netrw_dav_cmd      = "curl -o"    elseif curl is available
	 fetch:   *g:netrw_fetch_cmd*    = "fetch -o"   if fetch is available
	   ftp:   *g:netrw_ftp_cmd*      = "ftp"
	  http:   *g:netrw_http_cmd*     = "elinks"     if   elinks  is available
	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "links"      elseif links is available
	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "curl"       elseif curl  is available
	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "wget"       elseif wget  is available
	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "fetch"      elseif fetch is available
	  http:   *g:netrw_http_put_cmd* = "curl -T"
	   rcp:   *g:netrw_rcp_cmd*      = "rcp"
	 rsync:   *g:netrw_rsync_cmd*    = "rsync"     (see |g:netrw_rsync_sep|)
	   scp:   *g:netrw_scp_cmd*      = "scp -q"
	  sftp:   *g:netrw_sftp_cmd*     = "sftp"
	  file:   *g:netrw_file_cmd*     = "elinks" or "links"

	*g:netrw_http_xcmd* : the option string for http://... protocols are
	specified via this variable and may be independently overridden.  By
	default, the option arguments for the http-handling commands are: >

		    elinks : "-source >"
		    links  : "-dump >"
		    curl   : "-L -o"
		    wget   : "-q -O"
		    fetch  : "-o"
<
	For example, if your system has elinks, and you'd rather see the
	page using an attempt at rendering the text, you may wish to have >
		let g:netrw_http_xcmd= "-dump >"
<	in your .vimrc.

	g:netrw_http_put_cmd: this option specifies both the executable and
	any needed options.  This command does a PUT operation to the url.


READING						*netrw-read* *netrw-nread* {{{2

	Generally, one may just use the URL notation with a normal editing
	command, such as >

		:e ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
	Netrw also provides the Nread command:

	:Nread ?					give help
	:Nread "machine:path"				uses rcp
	:Nread "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
	:Nread "machine id password path"		uses ftp
	:Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
	:Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
	:Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
	:Nread "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
	:Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
	:Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
	:Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
	:Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

WRITING					*netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite* {{{2

	One may just use the URL notation with a normal file writing
	command, such as >

		:w ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
	Netrw also provides the Nwrite command:

	:Nwrite ?					give help
	:Nwrite "machine:path"				uses rcp
	:Nwrite "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
	:Nwrite "machine id password path"		uses ftp
	:Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
	:Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
	:Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
	:Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
	:Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
	:Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp
	http: not supported!

SOURCING					*netrw-source* {{{2

	One may just use the URL notation with the normal file sourcing
	command, such as >

		:so ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
	Netrw also provides the Nsource command:

	:Nsource ?					give help
	:Nsource "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
	:Nsource "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
	:Nsource "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
	:Nsource "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
	:Nsource "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
	:Nsource "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
	:Nsource "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
	:Nsource "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

DIRECTORY LISTING		*netrw-trailingslash* *netrw-dirlist* {{{2

	One may browse a directory to get a listing by simply attempting to
	edit the directory: >

		:e scp://[user]@hostname/path/
		:e ftp://[user]@hostname/path/
<
	For remote directory listings (ie. those using scp or ftp), that
	trailing "/" is necessary (the slash tells netrw to treat the argument
	as a directory to browse instead of as a file to download).

	The Nread command may also be used to accomplish this (again, that
	trailing slash is necessary): >

		:Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/
<
					*netrw-login* *netrw-password*
CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD		*netrw-chgup* *netrw-userpass* {{{2

	Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password.
	These will be saved in global variables |g:netrw_uid| and
	|s:netrw_passwd|; subsequent use of ftp will re-use those two strings,
	thereby simplifying use of ftp.  However, if you need to use a
	different user id and/or password, you'll want to call |NetUserPass()|
	first.  To work around the need to enter passwords, check if your ftp
	supports a <.netrc> file in your home directory.  Also see
	|netrw-passwd| (and if you're using ssh/scp hoping to figure out how
	to not need to use passwords for scp, look at |netrw-ssh-hack|).

	:NetUserPass [uid [password]]		-- prompts as needed
	:call NetUserPass()			-- prompts for uid and password
	:call NetUserPass("uid")		-- prompts for password
	:call NetUserPass("uid","password")	-- sets global uid and password

(Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

NETRW VARIABLES AND SETTINGS				*netrw-variables* {{{2
    (Also see:
    |netrw-browser-var|     : netrw browser option variables
    |netrw-protocol|        : file transfer protocol option variables
    |netrw-settings|        : additional file transfer options
    |netrw-browser-options| : these options affect browsing directories
    )

Netrw provides a lot of variables which allow you to customize netrw to your
preferences.  One way to look at them is via the command :NetrwSettings (see
|netrw-settings|) which will display your current netrw settings.  Most such
settings are described below, in |netrw-browser-options|, and in
|netrw-externapp|:

 *b:netrw_lastfile*	last file Network-read/written retained on a
			per-buffer basis (supports plain :Nw )

 *g:netrw_bufsettings*	the settings that netrw buffers have
			(default) noma nomod nonu nowrap ro nobl

 *g:netrw_chgwin*	specifies a window number where subsequent file edits
			will take place.  (also see |netrw-C|)
			(default) -1

 *g:Netrw_funcref*	specifies a function (or functions) to be called when
			netrw edits a file.  The file is first edited, and
			then the function reference (|Funcref|) is called.
			This variable may also hold a |List| of Funcrefs.
			(default) not defined.  (the capital in g:Netrw...
			is required by its holding a function reference)
>
			    Example: place in .vimrc; affects all file opening
			    fun! MyFuncRef()
			    endfun
			    let g:Netrw_funcref= function("MyFuncRef")

<
 *g:Netrw_UserMaps*	specifies a function or |List| of functions which can
			be used to set up user-specified maps and functionality.
			See |netrw-usermaps|

 *g:netrw_ftp*		   if it doesn't exist, use default ftp
			=0 use default ftp		       (uid password)
			=1 use alternate ftp method	  (user uid password)
			   If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the
			   value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp
			   method works for your setup.

 *g:netrw_ftp_options*     Chosen by default, these options are supposed to
			 turn interactive prompting off and to restrain ftp
			 from attempting auto-login upon initial connection.
			 However, it appears that not all ftp implementations
			 support this (ex. ncftp).
		        ="-i -n"

 *g:netrw_ftpextracmd*	default: doesn't exist
			If this variable exists, then any string it contains
			will be placed into the commands set to your ftp
			client.  As an example:
			   ="passive"

 *g:netrw_ftpmode*	="binary"				    (default)
			="ascii"

 *g:netrw_ignorenetrc*	=0 (default for linux, cygwin)
			=1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and
			   you want it ignored, then set this variable as
			   shown. (default for Windows + cmd.exe)

 *g:netrw_menu*		=0 disable netrw's menu
			=1 (default) netrw's menu enabled

 *g:netrw_uid*		(ftp) user-id,      retained on a per-vim-session basis
 *s:netrw_passwd*	(ftp) password,     retained on a per-vim-session basis

 *g:netrw_preview*	=0 (default) preview window shown in a horizontally
			   split window
			=1 preview window shown in a vertically split window.
			   Also affects the "previous window" (see |netrw-P|)
			   in the same way.
			The |g:netrw_alto| variable may be used to provide
			additional splitting control:
				g:netrw_preview g:netrw_alto result
				         0             0     |:aboveleft|
				         0             1     |:belowright|
				         1             0     |:topleft|
				         1             1     |:botright|
			To control sizing, see |g:netrw_winsize|

 *g:netrw_scpport*	= "-P" : option to use to set port for scp
 *g:netrw_sshport*	= "-p" : option to use to set port for ssh

 *g:netrw_sepchr*	=\0xff
			=\0x01 for enc == euc-jp (and perhaps it should be for
			   others, too, please let me know)
			   Separates priority codes from filenames internally.
			   See |netrw-p12|.

  *g:netrw_silent*	=0 : transfers done normally
			=1 : transfers done silently

 *g:netrw_use_errorwindow* =2: messages from netrw will use a popup window
			     Move the mouse and pause to remove the popup window.
			     (default value if popup windows are available)
			 =1 : messages from netrw will use a separate one
			      line window.  This window provides reliable
			      delivery of messages.
			     (default value if popup windows are not available)
			 =0 : messages from netrw will use echoerr ;
			      messages don't always seem to show up this
			      way, but one doesn't have to quit the window.

 *g:netrw_cygwin*	=1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also
			   permits network browsing to use ls with time and
			   size sorting (default if windows)
			=0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths
			   Network browsing uses dir instead of ls
			   This option is ignored if you're using unix

 *g:netrw_use_nt_rcp*	=0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP
			=1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode         (default)

PATHS							*netrw-path* {{{2

Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols.
It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some
associated directory, however.
>
	example:  vim scp://user@host/somefile
	example:  vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<
where "somefile" is in the "user"'s home directory.  If you wish to get a
file using root-relative paths, use the full path:
>
	example:  vim scp://user@host//somefile
	example:  vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<

==============================================================================
4. Network-Oriented File Transfer			*netrw-xfer* {{{1

Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a vim script
(<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques.  It currently supports both reading and
writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch,
dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp.

http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch.

<netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the
various file transfer programs.  It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd,
FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames. >

	ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the
example, it's ftp.  The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a
series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program
(ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol.  Files are read
from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the
<netrw.vim> script will clean up.

Now, a word about Jan Minář's "FTP User Name and Password Disclosure"; first,
ftp is not a secure protocol.  User names and passwords are transmitted "in
the clear" over the internet; any snooper tool can pick these up; this is not
a netrw thing, this is a ftp thing.  If you're concerned about this, please
try to use scp or sftp instead.

Netrw re-uses the user id and password during the same vim session and so long
as the remote hostname remains the same.

Jan seems to be a bit confused about how netrw handles ftp; normally multiple
commands are performed in a "ftp session", and he seems to feel that the
uid/password should only be retained over one ftp session.  However, netrw
does every ftp operation in a separate "ftp session"; so remembering the
uid/password for just one "ftp session" would be the same as not remembering
the uid/password at all.  IMHO this would rapidly grow tiresome as one
browsed remote directories, for example.

On the other hand, thanks go to Jan M. for pointing out the many
vulnerabilities that netrw (and vim itself) had had in handling "crafted"
filenames.  The |shellescape()| and |fnameescape()| functions were written in
response by Bram Moolenaar to handle these sort of problems, and netrw has
been modified to use them.  Still, my advice is, if the "filename" looks like
a vim command that you aren't comfortable with having executed, don't open it.

				*netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp* *netrw-psftp*
One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a
variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to
"scp -q").  As an example, consider using PuTTY: >

	let g:netrw_scp_cmd = '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch'
	let g:netrw_sftp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\psftp.exe"'
<
(note: it has been reported that windows 7 with putty v0.6's "-batch" option
       doesn't work, so its best to leave it off for that system)

See |netrw-p8| for more about putty, pscp, psftp, etc.

Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations.
Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the
file).  Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function
that will clean up after reading with their ftp.  Some Unix systems (ie.,
FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is
not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use.
Consequently, if "fetch" is available (ie. executable), it may be preferable
to use it for ftp://... based transfers.

For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers
transparently; ie.
>
	vim rcp://[user@]machine/path
	vim scp://[user@]machine/path
<
If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be transparently used
if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in
that file.  Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however.
>
	vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path
<
Windows provides an ftp (typically c:\Windows\System32\ftp.exe) which uses
an option, -s:filename (filename can and probably should be a full path)
which contains ftp commands which will be automatically run whenever ftp
starts.  You may use this feature to enter a user and password for one site: >
	userid
	password
<				*netrw-windows-netrc*  *netrw-windows-s*
If |g:netrw_ftp_cmd| contains -s:[path/]MACHINE, then (on Windows machines
only) netrw will substitute the current machine name requested for ftp
connections for MACHINE.  Hence one can have multiple machine.ftp files
containing login and password for ftp.  Example: >

    let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\Myself\MACHINE'
    vim ftp://myhost.somewhere.net/

will use a file >

	C:\Users\Myself\myhost.ftp
<
Often, ftp will need to query the user for the userid and password.
The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of
the actually-typed-in password.  Netrw will retain the userid and password
for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent
transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without
additional prompting.

								*netrw-urls*
  +=================================+============================+============+
  |  Reading                        | Writing                    |  Uses      |
  +=================================+============================+============+
  | DAV:                            |                            |            |
  |  dav://host/path                |                            | cadaver    |
  |  :Nread dav://host/path         | :Nwrite dav://host/path    | cadaver    |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | DAV + SSL:                      |                            |            |
  |  davs://host/path               |                            | cadaver    |
  |  :Nread davs://host/path        | :Nwrite davs://host/path   | cadaver    |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | FETCH:                          |                            |            |
  |  fetch://[user@]host/path       |                            |            |
  |  fetch://[user@]host:http/path  |  Not Available             | fetch      |
  |  :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path|                            |            |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | FILE:                           |                            |            |
  |  file:///*                      | file:///*                  |            |
  |  file://localhost/*             | file://localhost/*         |            |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | FTP:          (*3)              |              (*3)          |            |
  |  ftp://[user@]host/path         | ftp://[user@]host/path     | ftp  (*2)  |
  |  :Nread ftp://host/path         | :Nwrite ftp://host/path    | ftp+.netrc |
  |  :Nread host path               | :Nwrite host path          | ftp+.netrc |
  |  :Nread host uid pass path      | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp        |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | HTTP: wget is executable: (*4)  |                            |            |
  |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | wget       |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | HTTP: fetch is executable (*4)  |                            |            |
  |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | fetch      |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | RCP:                            |                            |            |
  |  rcp://[user@]host/path         | rcp://[user@]host/path     | rcp        |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | RSYNC:                          |                            |            |
  |  rsync://[user@]host/path       | rsync://[user@]host/path   | rsync      |
  |  :Nread rsync://host/path       | :Nwrite rsync://host/path  | rsync      |
  |  :Nread rcp://host/path         | :Nwrite rcp://host/path    | rcp        |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | SCP:                            |                            |            |
  |  scp://[user@]host/path         | scp://[user@]host/path     | scp        |
  |  :Nread scp://host/path         | :Nwrite scp://host/path    | scp  (*1)  |
  +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
  | SFTP:                           |                            |            |
  |  sftp://[user@]host/path        | sftp://[user@]host/path    | sftp       |
  |  :Nread sftp://host/path        | :Nwrite sftp://host/path   | sftp  (*1) |
  +=================================+============================+============+

	(*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path.

	(*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will
	work with your ftp client.  Otherwise the script will
	prompt for user-id and password.

	(*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port
	if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port

	(*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used.  Otherwise,
	if fetch is available it will be used.

Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames.


NETRC							*netrw-netrc*

The <.netrc> file, typically located in your home directory, contains lines
therein which map a hostname (machine name) to the user id and password you
prefer to use with it.

The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below.
Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't.
>
	machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}"
	default login {user-id} password "{password}"

Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the
<.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or
password.

	Note:
	Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can
	read this file!  Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is
	readable for others.  Don't forget that the system administrator can
	still read the file!  Ie. for Linux/Unix: chmod 600 .netrc

Even though Windows' ftp clients typically do not support .netrc, netrw has
a work-around: see |netrw-windows-s|.


PASSWORD						*netrw-passwd*

The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|,
a built-in Vim function.  See |netrw-userpass| for how to change the password
after one has set it.

Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to
scp.  Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password.
However, |netrw-ssh-hack| can help with this problem.


==============================================================================
5. Activation						*netrw-activate* {{{1

Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's
|'nocompatible'| mode is enabled.  Netrw's script files reside in your
system's plugin, autoload, and syntax directories; just the
plugin/netrwPlugin.vim script is sourced automatically whenever you bring up
vim.  The main script in autoload/netrw.vim is only loaded when you actually
use netrw.  I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in
your <.vimrc> customization file: >

	set nocp
	if version >= 600
	  filetype plugin indent on
	endif
<
By also including the following lines in your .vimrc, one may have netrw
immediately activate when using [g]vim without any filenames, showing the
current directory: >

	" Augroup VimStartup:
	augroup VimStartup
	  au!
	  au VimEnter * if expand("%") == "" | e . | endif
	augroup END
<

==============================================================================
6. Transparent Remote File Editing		*netrw-transparent* {{{1

Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write
(invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd|, |BufWriteCmd|, or |SourceCmd|
events) is made.  Thus one may read, write, or source  files across networks
just as easily as if they were local files! >

	vim ftp://[user@]machine/path
	...
	:wq

See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins
such as netrw.

For password-free use of scp:, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.


==============================================================================
7. Ex Commands						*netrw-ex* {{{1

The usual read/write commands are supported.  There are also a few
additional commands available.  Often you won't need to use Nwrite or
Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. simply use >
  :e URL
  :r URL
  :w URL
instead, as appropriate) -- see |netrw-urls|.  In the explanations
below, a {netfile} is a URL to a remote file.

						*:Nwrite*  *:Nw*
:[range]Nw[rite]	Write the specified lines to the current
		file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile.
		(related: |netrw-nwrite|)

:[range]Nw[rite] {netfile} [{netfile}]...
		Write the specified lines to the {netfile}.

						*:Nread*   *:Nr*
:Nr[ead]	Read the lines from the file specified in b:netrw_lastfile
		into the current buffer.  (related: |netrw-nread|)

:Nr[ead] {netfile} {netfile}...
		Read the {netfile} after the current line.

						*:Nsource* *:Ns*
:Ns[ource] {netfile}
		Source the {netfile}.
		To start up vim using a remote .vimrc, one may use
		the following (all on one line) (tnx to Antoine Mechelynck) >
		vim -u NORC -N
		 --cmd "runtime plugin/netrwPlugin.vim"
		 --cmd "source scp://HOSTNAME/.vimrc"
<		 (related: |netrw-source|)

:call NetUserPass()				*NetUserPass()*
		If g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd don't exist,
		this function will query the user for them.
		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

:call NetUserPass("userid")
		This call will set the g:netrw_uid and, if
		the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it.
		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

:call NetUserPass("userid","passwd")
		This call will set both the g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd.
		The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers.  One may
		effectively remove the user-id and password by using empty
		strings (ie. "").
		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

:NetrwSettings  This command is described in |netrw-settings| -- used to
		display netrw settings and change netrw behavior.


==============================================================================
8. Variables and Options		*netrw-var* *netrw-settings* {{{1

(also see: |netrw-options| |netrw-variables| |netrw-protocol|
           |netrw-browser-settings| |netrw-browser-options| )

The <netrw.vim> script provides several variables which act as options to
affect <netrw.vim>'s file transfer behavior.  These variables typically may be
set in the user's <.vimrc> file: (see also |netrw-settings| |netrw-protocol|)
						*netrw-options*
>
                        -------------
                        Netrw Options
                        -------------
	Option			Meaning
	--------------		-----------------------------------------------
<
        b:netrw_col             Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite)
        g:netrw_cygwin          =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin
                                                              (default/windows)
                                =0 assume scp under windows accepts windows
                                   style paths                (default/else)
        g:netrw_ftp             =0 use default ftp            (uid password)
        g:netrw_ftpmode         ="binary"                     (default)
                                ="ascii"                      (your choice)
	g:netrw_ignorenetrc     =1                            (default)
	                           if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't
				   want it used, then set this variable.  Its
				   mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc>
				   to be ignored.
        b:netrw_lastfile        Holds latest method/machine/path.
        b:netrw_line            Holds current line number     (during NetWrite)
	g:netrw_silent          =0 transfers done normally
	                        =1 transfers done silently
        g:netrw_uid             Holds current user-id for ftp.
        g:netrw_use_nt_rcp      =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default)
                                =1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<
						*netrw-internal-variables*
The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit
temporarily.
>
			     -------------------
			     Temporary Variables
			     -------------------
	Variable		Meaning
	--------		------------------------------------
<
	b:netrw_method		Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp
	w:netrw_method		(same as b:netrw_method)
	g:netrw_machine		Holds machine name parsed from input
	b:netrw_fname		Holds filename being accessed >
	------------------------------------------------------------
<
							*netrw-protocol*

Netrw supports a number of protocols.  These protocols are invoked using the
variables listed below, and may be modified by the user.
>
			   ------------------------
                           Protocol Control Options
			   ------------------------
    Option            Type        Setting         Meaning
    ---------         --------    --------------  ---------------------------
<    netrw_ftp         variable    =doesn't exist  userid set by "user userid"
                                  =0              userid set by "user userid"
                                  =1              userid set by "userid"
    NetReadFixup      function    =doesn't exist  no change
                                  =exists         Allows user to have files
                                                  read via ftp automatically
                                                  transformed however they wish
                                                  by NetReadFixup()
    g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="cadaver"      if cadaver  is executable
    g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="curl -o"      elseif curl is executable
    g:netrw_fetch_cmd    var   ="fetch -o"     if fetch is available
    g:netrw_ftp_cmd      var   ="ftp"
    g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="fetch -o"     if      fetch is available
    g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="wget -O"      else if wget  is available
    g:netrw_http_put_cmd var   ="curl -T"
    |g:netrw_list_cmd|     var   ="ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
    g:netrw_rcp_cmd      var   ="rcp"
    g:netrw_rsync_cmd    var   ="rsync"
    *g:netrw_rsync_sep*    var   ="/"            used to separate the hostname
                                               from the file spec
    g:netrw_scp_cmd      var   ="scp -q"
    g:netrw_sftp_cmd     var   ="sftp" >
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------
<
								*netrw-ftp*

The g:netrw_..._cmd options (|g:netrw_ftp_cmd| and |g:netrw_sftp_cmd|)
specify the external program to use handle the ftp protocol.  They may
include command line options (such as -p for passive mode). Example: >

	let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= "ftp -p"
<
Browsing is supported by using the |g:netrw_list_cmd|; the substring
"HOSTNAME" will be changed via substitution with whatever the current request
is for a hostname.

Two options (|g:netrw_ftp| and |netrw-fixup|) both help with certain ftp's
that give trouble .  In order to best understand how to use these options if
ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion is provided on how netrw does
ftp reads.

For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a
temporary file:
>
  IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1     IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1
  ----------------------------------     ------------------------------
<
       open machine [port]                    open machine [port]
       user userid password                   userid password
       [g:netrw_ftpmode]                      password
       [g:netrw_ftpextracmd]                  [g:netrw_ftpmode]
       get filename tempfile                  [g:netrw_extracmd]
                                              get filename tempfile >
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------
<
The |g:netrw_ftpmode| and |g:netrw_ftpextracmd| are optional.

Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter:
>
	:%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n]
<
where
	g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp",
	-i tells ftp not to be interactive
	-n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>)

If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for
userid and password.  The transferred file is put into a temporary file.
The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that
requested it and the temporary file deleted.

If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a
userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>.

								*netrw-cadaver*
To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull
down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem.  This operation
renders the server treatment as "trusted".

						*netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup*
If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH
messages) you may write a NetReadFixup() function:
>
    function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2)
      " a:line1: first new line in current file
      " a:line2: last  new line in current file
      if     a:method == 1 "rcp
      elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc>
      elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename
      elseif a:method == 4 "scp
      elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget
      elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver
      elseif a:method == 7 "rsync
      elseif a:method == 8 "fetch
      elseif a:method == 9 "sftp
      else               " complain
      endif
    endfunction
>
The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to
customize your reading process.

(Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

==============================================================================
9. Browsing		*netrw-browsing* *netrw-browse* *netrw-help* {{{1
			*netrw-browser*  *netrw-dir*    *netrw-list*

INTRODUCTION TO BROWSING			*netrw-intro-browse* {{{2
	(Quick References: |netrw-quickmaps| |netrw-quickcoms|)

Netrw supports the browsing of directories on your local system and on remote
hosts; browsing includes listing files and directories, entering directories,
editing files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories,
moving (renaming) files and directories, copying files and directories, etc.
One may mark files and execute any system command on them!  The Netrw browser
generally implements the previous explorer's maps and commands for remote
directories, although details (such as pertinent global variable names)
necessarily differ.  To browse a directory, simply "edit" it! >

	vim /your/directory/
	vim .
	vim c:\your\directory\
<
(Related topics: |netrw-cr|  |netrw-o|  |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t|
                 |netrw-mf|  |netrw-mx| |netrw-D| |netrw-R| |netrw-v| )

The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and
ftp.  The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw also to use ftp
in its remote browsing.  Specifying any other protocol will cause it to be
used for file transfers; but the ssh protocol will be used to do remote
browsing.

To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with
a trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory:
>
	vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/
<
where [protocol] is typically scp or ftp.  As an example, try: >

	vim ftp://ftp.home.vim.org/pub/vim/
<
For local directories, the trailing slash is not required.  Again, because it's
easy to miss: to browse remote directories, the URL must terminate with a
slash!

If you'd like to avoid entering the password repeatedly for remote directory
listings with ssh or scp, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.  To avoid password entry with
ftp, see |netrw-netrc| (if your ftp supports it).

There are several things you can do to affect the browser's display of files:

	* To change the listing style, press the "i" key (|netrw-i|).
	  Currently there are four styles: thin, long, wide, and tree.
	  To make that change "permanent", see |g:netrw_liststyle|.

	* To hide files (don't want to see those xyz~ files anymore?) see
	  |netrw-ctrl-h|.

	* Press s to sort files by name, time, or size.

See |netrw-browse-cmds| for all the things you can do with netrw!

			*netrw-getftype* *netrw-filigree* *netrw-ftype*
The |getftype()| function is used to append a bit of filigree to indicate
filetype to locally listed files:

	directory  : /
	executable : *
	fifo       : |
	links      : @
	sockets    : =

The filigree also affects the |g:netrw_sort_sequence|.


QUICK HELP						*netrw-quickhelp* {{{2
                       (Use ctrl-] to select a topic)~
	Intro to Browsing...............................|netrw-intro-browse|
	  Quick Reference: Maps.........................|netrw-quickmap|
	  Quick Reference: Commands.....................|netrw-browse-cmds|
	Hiding
	  Edit hiding list..............................|netrw-ctrl-h|
	  Hiding Files or Directories...................|netrw-a|
	  Hiding/Unhiding by suffix.....................|netrw-mh|
	  Hiding  dot-files.............................|netrw-gh|
	Listing Style
	  Select listing style (thin/long/wide/tree)....|netrw-i|
	  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_liststyle|
	  Shell command used to perform listing.........|g:netrw_list_cmd|
	  Quick file info...............................|netrw-qf|
	Sorted by
	  Select sorting style (name/time/size).........|netrw-s|
	  Editing the sorting sequence..................|netrw-S|
	  Sorting options...............................|g:netrw_sort_options|
	  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_sort_sequence|
	  Reverse sorting order.........................|netrw-r|


				*netrw-quickmap*  *netrw-quickmaps*
QUICK REFERENCE: MAPS				*netrw-browse-maps* {{{2
>
	  ---			-----------------			----
	  Map			Quick Explanation			Link
	  ---			-----------------			----
<	 <F1>	Causes Netrw to issue help
	 <cr>	Netrw will enter the directory or read the file      |netrw-cr|
	 <del>	Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory      |netrw-del|
	 <c-h>	Edit file hiding list                                |netrw-ctrl-h|
	 <c-l>	Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing        |netrw-ctrl-l|
	 <c-r>	Browse using a gvim server                           |netrw-ctrl-r|
	 <c-tab> Shrink/expand a netrw/explore window                |netrw-c-tab|
	   -	Makes Netrw go up one directory                      |netrw--|
	   a	Cycles between normal display,                       |netrw-a|
		hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide)
		and showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide)
	   cd	Make browsing directory the current directory        |netrw-cd|
	   C	Setting the editing window                           |netrw-C|
	   d	Make a directory                                     |netrw-d|
	   D	Attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-D|
	   gb	Go to previous bookmarked directory                  |netrw-gb|
	   gd	Force treatment as directory                         |netrw-gd|
	   gf	Force treatment as file                              |netrw-gf|
	   gh	Quick hide/unhide of dot-files                       |netrw-gh|
	   gn	Make top of tree the directory below the cursor      |netrw-gn|
	   gp	Change local-only file permissions                   |netrw-gp|
	   i	Cycle between thin, long, wide, and tree listings    |netrw-i|
	   I	Toggle the displaying of the banner                  |netrw-I|
	   mb	Bookmark current directory                           |netrw-mb|
	   mc	Copy marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mc|
	   md	Apply diff to marked files (up to 3)                 |netrw-md|
	   me	Place marked files on arg list and edit them         |netrw-me|
	   mf	Mark a file                                          |netrw-mf|
	   mF	Unmark files                                         |netrw-mF|
	   mg	Apply vimgrep to marked files                        |netrw-mg|
	   mh	Toggle marked file suffices' presence on hiding list |netrw-mh|
	   mm	Move marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mm|
	   mp	Print marked files                                   |netrw-mp|
	   mr	Mark files using a shell-style |regexp|                |netrw-mr|
	   mt	Current browsing directory becomes markfile target   |netrw-mt|
	   mT	Apply ctags to marked files                          |netrw-mT|
	   mu	Unmark all marked files                              |netrw-mu|
	   mv	Apply arbitrary vim   command to marked files        |netrw-mv|
	   mx	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files        |netrw-mx|
	   mX	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files en bloc|netrw-mX|
	   mz	Compress/decompress marked files                     |netrw-mz|
	   o	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-o|
		browser window.  A horizontal split is used.
	   O	Obtain a file specified by cursor                    |netrw-O|
	   p	Preview the file                                     |netrw-p|
	   P	Browse in the previously used window                 |netrw-P|
	   qb	List bookmarked directories and history              |netrw-qb|
	   qf	Display information on file                          |netrw-qf|
	   qF	Mark files using a quickfix list                     |netrw-qF|
	   qL	Mark files using a |location-list|                     |netrw-qL|
	   r	Reverse sorting order                                |netrw-r|
	   R	Rename the designated file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-R|
	   s	Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size    |netrw-s|
	   S	Specify suffix priority for name-sorting             |netrw-S|
	   t	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new tab|netrw-t|
	   u	Change to recently-visited directory                 |netrw-u|
	   U	Change to subsequently-visited directory             |netrw-U|
	   v	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-v|
		browser window.  A vertical split is used.
	   x	View file with an associated program                 |:Open|
	   X	Execute filename under cursor via |system()|           |netrw-X|

	   %	Open a new file in netrw's current directory         |netrw-%|

	*netrw-mouse* *netrw-leftmouse* *netrw-middlemouse* *netrw-rightmouse*
	<leftmouse>	(gvim only) selects word under mouse as if a <cr>
			had been pressed (ie. edit file, change directory)
	<middlemouse>	(gvim only) same as P selecting word under mouse;
			see |netrw-P|
	<rightmouse>	(gvim only) delete file/directory using word under
			mouse
	<2-leftmouse>	(gvim only) when:
			 * in a netrw-selected file, AND
			 * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND
			 * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse>
			   mapping defined before netrw is autoloaded,
			then a double clicked leftmouse button will return
			to the netrw browser window.  See |g:netrw_retmap|.
	<s-leftmouse>	(gvim only) like mf, will mark files.  Dragging
			the shifted leftmouse will mark multiple files.
			(see |netrw-mf|)

	(to disable mouse buttons while browsing: |g:netrw_mousemaps|)

				*netrw-quickcom* *netrw-quickcoms*
QUICK REFERENCE: COMMANDS	*netrw-explore-cmds* *netrw-browse-cmds* {{{2
     :NetrwSettings............................................|netrw-settings|
     :Ntree....................................................|netrw-ntree|
     :Explore[!]  [dir] Explore directory of current file......|netrw-explore|
     :Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore.............|netrw-explore|
     :Lexplore[!] [dir] Left Explorer Toggle...................|netrw-explore|
     :Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
     :Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
     :Rexplore          Return to Explorer.....................|netrw-explore|
     :Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory .............|netrw-explore|
     :Texplore[!] [dir] Tab & Explore..........................|netrw-explore|
     :Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|


BANNER DISPLAY						*netrw-I*

One may toggle the displaying of the banner by pressing "I".

Also See: |g:netrw_banner|


BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY		*netrw-mb* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks* {{{2

One may easily "bookmark" the currently browsed directory by using >

	mb
<
								*.netrwbook*
Bookmarks are retained in between sessions of vim in a file called .netrwbook
as a |List|, which is typically stored in the first directory on the user's
'runtimepath'; entries are kept in sorted order.

If there are marked files and/or directories, mb will add them to the bookmark
list.

								*netrw-:NetrwMB*
Additionally, one may use :NetrwMB to bookmark files or directories. >

	:NetrwMB[!] [files/directories]

< No bang: enters files/directories into Netrw's bookmark system

   No argument and in netrw buffer:
     if there are marked files        : bookmark marked files
     otherwise                        : bookmark file/directory under cursor
   No argument and not in netrw buffer: bookmarks current open file
   Has arguments                      : |glob()|s each arg and bookmarks them

 With bang: deletes files/directories from Netrw's bookmark system

The :NetrwMB command is available outside of netrw buffers (once netrw has been
invoked in the session).

The file ".netrwbook" holds bookmarks when netrw (and vim) is not active.  By
default, its stored on the first directory on the user's |'runtimepath'|.

Related Topics:
	|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
	|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
	|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
	|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwbook is kept


BROWSING					*netrw-enter*	*netrw-cr* {{{2

Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest.
Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory.
Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the
protocol given in the original read request.

  CAVEAT: There are four forms of listing (see |netrw-i|).  Netrw assumes that
  two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long and
  wide listing formats.  Thus, if your filename or directory name has two or
  more sequential spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll
  need to use the "thin" format to select it.

The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to
cause the opening of files to be done in a new window or tab instead of the
default.  When the option is one or two, the splitting will be taken
horizontally or vertically, respectively.  When the option is set to three, a
<cr> will cause the file to appear in a new tab.


When using the gui (gvim), one may select a file by pressing the <leftmouse>
button.  In addition, if

 * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND   (its default value is 0)
 * in a netrw-selected file, AND
 * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before
   netrw is loaded

then a doubly-clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser
window.

Netrw attempts to speed up browsing, especially for remote browsing where one
may have to enter passwords, by keeping and re-using previously obtained
directory listing buffers.  The |g:netrw_fastbrowse| variable is used to
control this behavior; one may have slow browsing (no buffer re-use), medium
speed browsing (re-use directory buffer listings only for remote directories),
and fast browsing (re-use directory buffer listings as often as possible).
The price for such re-use is that when changes are made (such as new files
are introduced into a directory), the listing may become out-of-date.  One may
always refresh directory listing buffers by pressing ctrl-L (see
|netrw-ctrl-l|).

								*netrw-s-cr*
Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory~

When the tree listing style is enabled (see |netrw-i|) and one is using
gvim, then the <s-cr> mapping may be used to squeeze (close) the
directory currently containing the cursor.

Otherwise, one may remap a key combination of one's own choice to get
this effect: >

    nmap <buffer> <silent> <nowait> YOURKEYCOMBO  <Plug>NetrwTreeSqueeze
<
Put this line in $HOME/ftplugin/netrw/netrw.vim; it needs to be generated
for netrw buffers only.

Related topics:
	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
   |g:netrw_browse_split|	|g:netrw_fastbrowse|
   |g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd|	|g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
   |g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd|	|g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject|
   |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|		|g:netrw_use_noswf|


BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW	*netrw-o* *netrw-horiz* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "o" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
horizontal split is used.  (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|)

Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and
cursor at the top.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_winsize|

Related topics:
	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
   |g:netrw_alto|    control above/below splitting
   |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

BROWSING WITH A NEW TAB				*netrw-t* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  The "t" map
allows one to open a new window holding the new directory listing or file in
a new tab.

If you'd like to have the new listing in a background tab, use |gT|.

Related topics:
	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
   |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW			*netrw-v* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "v" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
vertical split is used.  (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|)

Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and
cursor at the left.

There is only one tree listing buffer; using "v" on a displayed subdirectory
will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice.

Related topics:
	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
   |g:netrw_altv|    control right/left splitting
   |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing


BROWSING USING A GVIM SERVER			*netrw-ctrl-r* {{{2

One may keep a browsing gvim separate from the gvim being used to edit.
Use the <c-r> map on a file (not a directory) in the netrw browser, and it
will use a gvim server (see |g:netrw_servername|).  Subsequent use of <cr>
(see |netrw-cr|) will re-use that server for editing files.

Related topics:
	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
	|g:netrw_servername|   : sets name of server
	|g:netrw_browse_split| : controls how <cr> will open files


CHANGE LISTING STYLE  (THIN LONG WIDE TREE)			*netrw-i* {{{2

The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, wide, and tree listing formats.

The thin listing format gives just the files' and directories' names.

The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote
directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and
date of last modification for local directories.  With the long listing
format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces.
Use the thin listing format for such files.

The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to delineate
filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize or use
filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name or any
trailing spaces.  The thin listing format will, however, work with such files.
The wide listing format is the most compact.

The tree listing format has a top directory followed by files and directories
preceded by one or more "|"s, which indicate the directory depth.  One may
open and close directories by pressing the <cr> key while atop the directory
name.

One may make a preferred listing style your default; see |g:netrw_liststyle|.
As an example, by putting the following line in your .vimrc, >
	let g:netrw_liststyle= 3
the tree style will become your default listing style.

One typical way to use the netrw tree display is to: >

	vim .
	(use i until a tree display shows)
	navigate to a file
	v  (edit as desired in vertically split window)
	ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
	P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
	ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
	P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
	...etc...
<
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_liststyle| |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|
                              |g:netrw_timefmt|   |g:netrw_list_cmd|

CHANGE FILE PERMISSION						*netrw-gp* {{{2

"gp" will ask you for a new permission for the file named under the cursor.
Currently, this only works for local files.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_chgperm|


CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY			*netrw-gb*  {{{2

To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use

	{cnt}gb

Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks.
Note that |netrw-qb| shows both bookmarks and history; to go
to a location stored in the history see |netrw-u| and |netrw-U|.

Related Topics:
	|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
	|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
	|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks


CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-u* *netrw-updir* {{{2

Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session), netrw
will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history list (unless
|g:netrw_dirhistmax| is zero; by default, it holds ten entries).  With the "u"
map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor).  To do the
opposite, see |netrw-U|.

The "u" map also accepts counts to go back in the history several slots.  For
your convenience, qb (see |netrw-qb|) lists the history number which may be
used in that count.

						*.netrwhist*
See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack
slots.  The file ".netrwhist" holds history when netrw (and vim) is not
active.  By default, its stored on the first directory on the user's
|'runtimepath'|.

Related Topics:
	|netrw-U| changing to a successor directory
	|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwhist is kept


CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-U* *netrw-downdir* {{{2

With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|)  Use the
qb map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-qb|)

The "U" map also accepts counts to go forward in the history several slots.

See |g:netrw_dirh                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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