/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.escape;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * A {@link CharEscaper} that uses an array to quickly look up replacement
 * characters for a given {@code char} value. An additional safe range is
 * provided that determines whether {@code char} values without specific
 * replacements are to be considered safe and left unescaped or should be
 * escaped in a general way.
 *
 * <p>A good example of usage of this class is for Java source code escaping
 * where the replacement array contains information about special ASCII
 * characters such as {@code \\t} and {@code \\n} while {@link #escapeUnsafe}
 * is overridden to handle general escaping of the form {@code \\uxxxx}.
 *
 * <p>The size of the data structure used by {@link ArrayBasedCharEscaper} is
 * proportional to the highest valued character that requires escaping.
 * For example a replacement map containing the single character
 * '{@code \}{@code u1000}' will require approximately 16K of memory. If you
 * need to create multiple escaper instances that have the same character
 * replacement mapping consider using {@link ArrayBasedEscaperMap}.
 *
 * @author Sven Mawson
 * @author David Beaumont
 * @since 15.0
 */
@Beta
@GwtCompatible
public abstract class ArrayBasedCharEscaper extends CharEscaper {
  // The replacement array (see ArrayBasedEscaperMap).
  private final char[][] replacements;
  // The number of elements in the replacement array.
  private final int replacementsLength;
  // The first character in the safe range.
  private final char safeMin;
  // The last character in the safe range.
  private final char safeMax;

  /**
   * Creates a new ArrayBasedCharEscaper instance with the given replacement map
   * and specified safe range. If {@code safeMax < safeMin} then no characters
   * are considered safe.
   *
   * <p>If a character has no mapped replacement then it is checked against the
   * safe range. If it lies outside that, then {@link #escapeUnsafe} is
   * called, otherwise no escaping is performed.
   *
   * @param replacementMap a map of characters to their escaped representations
   * @param safeMin the lowest character value in the safe range
   * @param safeMax the highest character value in the safe range
   */
  protected ArrayBasedCharEscaper(Map<Character, String> replacementMap,
      char safeMin, char safeMax) {

    this(ArrayBasedEscaperMap.create(replacementMap), safeMin, safeMax);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new ArrayBasedCharEscaper instance with the given replacement map
   * and specified safe range. If {@code safeMax < safeMin} then no characters
   * are considered safe. This initializer is useful when explicit instances of
   * ArrayBasedEscaperMap are used to allow the sharing of large replacement
   * mappings.
   *
   * <p>If a character has no mapped replacement then it is checked against the
   * safe range. If it lies outside that, then {@link #escapeUnsafe} is
   * called, otherwise no escaping is performed.
   *
   * @param escaperMap the mapping of characters to be escaped
   * @param safeMin the lowest character value in the safe range
   * @param safeMax the highest character value in the safe range
   */
  protected ArrayBasedCharEscaper(ArrayBasedEscaperMap escaperMap,
      char safeMin, char safeMax) {

    checkNotNull(escaperMap);  // GWT specific check (do not optimize)
    this.replacements = escaperMap.getReplacementArray();
    this.replacementsLength = replacements.length;
    if (safeMax < safeMin) {
      // If the safe range is empty, set the range limits to opposite extremes
      // to ensure the first test of either value will (almost certainly) fail.
      safeMax = Character.MIN_VALUE;
      safeMin = Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    this.safeMin = safeMin;
    this.safeMax = safeMax;
  }

  /*
   * This is overridden to improve performance. Rough benchmarking shows that
   * this almost doubles the speed when processing strings that do not require
   * any escaping.
   */
  @Override
  public final String escape(String s) {
    checkNotNull(s);  // GWT specific check (do not optimize).
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if ((c < replacementsLength && replacements[c] != null) ||
          c > safeMax || c < safeMin) {
        return escapeSlow(s, i);
      }
    }
    return s;
  }

  /**
   * Escapes a single character using the replacement array and safe range
   * values. If the given character does not have an explicit replacement and
   * lies outside the safe range then {@link #escapeUnsafe} is called.
   */
  @Override protected final char[] escape(char c) {
    if (c < replacementsLength) {
      char[] chars = replacements[c];
      if (chars != null) {
        return chars;
      }
    }
    if (c >= safeMin && c <= safeMax) {
      return null;
    }
    return escapeUnsafe(c);
  }

  /**
   * Escapes a {@code char} value that has no direct explicit value in the
   * replacement array and lies outside the stated safe range. Subclasses should
   * override this method to provide generalized escaping for characters.
   *
   * <p>Note that arrays returned by this method must not be modified once they
   * have been returned. However it is acceptable to return the same array
   * multiple times (even for different input characters).
   *
   * @param c the character to escape
   * @return the replacement characters, or {@code null} if no escaping was
   *         required
   */
  // TODO(user,cpovirk): Rename this something better once refactoring done
  protected abstract char[] escapeUnsafe(char c);
}
