/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2015 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt PIM Module.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of
** this file. Please review the following information to ensure
** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/

/*!

\page contactsusage.html

\title Qt Contacts API Usage

\tableofcontents

    With the Qt Contacts API, typical use cases are:

        \list
            \li Access a list of personal contacts from the contact database
                supported by the selected backend.
            \li Sort or filter contacts and access them as a list.
            \li Import contacts in vCard format into the selected
                contacts database.
            \li Export contacts to a vCard format to share elsewhere.
        \endlist

This section provides some examples of common usage of the Qt Contacts API.

\section1 Retrieving Contact Details

The most common use of the API is to retrieve a contact and then display
certain details of that contact.  To do so, several steps must be taken:
\list
   \li A contact manager must be instantiated
   \li The contact must be retrieved from the manager
   \li The required details of the contact must be selected from the contact
\endlist

\section2 Instantiating Contact Manager

The first step is usually as simple as:
\code
    QContactManager cm; // instantiate the default manager
\endcode

\section2 Retrieving a Contact from the Manager

The second step requires either a filtering operation, or, if the id of the
contact is already known, a direct selection operation.  If you are interested
in all contacts, a \e {default filter} retrieve operation is used. The retrieval
operations may either be \l{Qt Contacts Synchronous API}{synchronous} or
\l{Qt Contacts Asynchronous API}{asynchronous}; we recommend using asynchronous
operations for applications which require a responsive user interface.
For simplicity, however, the example below uses the synchronous API to
retrieve all contacts:
\code
    QList<QContact> allContacts = cm.contacts();
\endcode

\section2 Selecting a Detail

The third step may be performed in several ways.  The recommended way is to
utilize the templated detail accessor, if you know which type of detail you
are interested in:
\code
    QContact firstContact = allContacts.first();
    qDebug() << "The first contact has a phone number:" << firstContact.detail<QContactPhoneNumber>().number();
\endcode

Alternatively, you can use the base \l QContactDetail class methods to select
the detail in which you are interested in, and the field keys specified in the
derived class to select the value which you are interested in:
\code
    qDebug() << "The first contact has a phone number:" << firstContact.detail(QContactPhoneNumber::DefinitionName).value(QContactPhoneNumber::FieldNumber);
\endcode

Note that in each case, if the contact did not have a phone number detail,
the return value of QContact::detail() is an empty detail.  Also note that in
the first case, the return value will be of the QContactPhoneNumber detail
type, whereas in the second case, the return value will be of the
QContactDetail (base-class detail) type -- although the actual detail returned
in both cases is exactly the same.

\section2 Retrieving All Details

If you wish to retrieve all of the details of a contact, you may do something
similar to:
\code
    QList<QContactDetail> allDetails = firstContact.details();
\endcode

\section2 Retrieving Details of a Type

Alternatively, if you wish only to retrieve the details which are of some
particular type, you can use either the templated or non-templated accessor:
\code
    QList<QContactPhoneNumber> allPhoneNumbers = firstContact.details<QContactPhoneNumber>();
    QList<QContactDetail> allPhoneNumbers2 = firstContact.details(QContactPhoneNumber::DefinitionName);
\endcode

Note that in each case, if the contact did not have any phone number details,
the return value of QContact::details() is an empty list.  Also note that in
the first case, the return value will be a list of the QContactPhoneNumber
detail type, whereas in the second case, the return value will be a list of
the QContactDetail (base-class detail) type -- although the actual details
returned in both cases will be exactly the same.

\section1 Saving Contacts

The next most common use of the API is to save a contact.  Such an operation
consists of two steps:
\list
   \li Saving a detail in a contact
   \li Saving the contact in a manager
\endlist

Removing a contact is done similarly to saving a contact.  An example of these
two operations is given below.  Note that it uses the synchronous API to save
and remove the contact, although in a real application we recommend using the
asynchronous API to perform such manager-related operations.
\code
    QContactPhoneNumber newPhoneNumber;       // create the detail to add
    newPhoneNumber.setNumber("12345");        // set the value(s) to save
    firstContact.saveDetail(&newPhoneNumber); // save the detail in the contact
    cm.saveContact(&firstContact);            // save the contact in the manager
    cm.removeContact(firstContact.id()); // remove the contact from the manager
\endcode

That's it!  For more in-depth discussion of usage of the API, see the sections
below.

\section1 Configuring Managers

Users of the contacts API can define which backend they wish to access if a
manager for that backend is available.  The list of available managers can be
queried programmatically at run-time, and the capabilities of different
managers can be ascertained by inspecting a QContactManager instance.
Furthermore, some managers can be constructed with parameters which affect the
operation of the backend.

\section2 Loading the Default Manager for the Platform

Most users of the API will want to use the default manager for the platform,
which provides access to the system address book.  Instantiating a manager by
using the default constructor will result in the default manager for that
platform being instantiated.

The default constructor can either be used to create a manager on the stack,
in which case it will be deleted automatically when it goes out of scope:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Loading the default manager for the platform

or it can be used explicitly to create a manager on the heap, in which case
the client must ensure that it deletes the manager when it is finished
with it in order to avoid a memory leak:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Loading the default manager for the platform on heap

\section2 Querying a Manager for Capabilities

Different managers will support different capabilities and details.  Clients
can use the meta data reporting functions of QContactManager to determine what
the capabilities of the manager they have instantiated might be.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Querying a manager for capabilities

\section2 Loading the Manager for a Specific Backend

In this example, the client loads a manager for a specific backend.  While
this could be found and retrieved using a more advanced plugin framework
(such as the Qt Service Framework), this code assumes that the client has
prior knowledge of the backend in question.

Clients may wish to use this feature of the API if they wish to store or
retrieve contact information to a particular manager (for example, one that
interfaces with a particular online service).

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Loading a specific manager backend

\section2 Loading a Manager with Specific Parameters

The client loads a manager with specific parameters defined.  The
parameters which are available are backend specific, and so the client had
to know that the \e Settings parameter was valid for the particular backend,
and what argument it took. In this example, the client tells the backend to
load detail definitions saved in a particular settings file.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Loading a specific manager backend with parameters

\section1 Manipulating Contact Details

Once a contact has been created (or retrieved from a manager), the client can
retrieve, create, update or delete details from the contact.  Since QContact
and QContactDetail are both container (value) classes, the API offered for
these operations is purely synchronous.

A contact consists of the details it contains, as well as an id.  Some details
are read-only (such as the display label of a contact) or irremovable (like
the type of a contact), but most are freely modifiable by clients.

\section2 Adding Details

The client adds a name and a phone number to a contact.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Adding a detail to a contact

\section2 Updating Details

The client updates the phone number of a contact.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Updating a detail in a contact

\section2 Removing Details

The client removes the phone number of a contact.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Removing a detail from a contact

\section2 Viewing Details

The client retrieves and displays the first phone number of a contact.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Viewing a specific detail of a contact

\section2 Viewing All Details of a Contact

The client retrieves all of the details of a contact, and displays them.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Viewing the details of a contact

\note Details are implicitly shared objects with
particular semantics surrounding saving, removal and modification.  The
following example demonstrates these semantics.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Demonstration of detail sharing semantics

\section1 Persistent Contact Information

After instantiating a manager, clients will wish to retrieve or modify contact
information (including relationships and possibly detail definitions) which
is persistently stored in the manager (for example, in a database or online
cloud).

If the client wishes to use the asynchronous API, it is suggested that their
class uses member variables for the manager and requests, similarly to:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/requestexample.h Class setup

This allows them to define slots which deal with the data as required when the
state of the request changes:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Example of an asynchronous request slot

Note that if the client is interested in receiving the results of the request
as they become available, rather than only the final set of results once the
request changes state (to \c FinishedState, for example), the client should
instead connect the QContactAbstractRequest::resultsAvailable() signal to the
slot which deals with the results.

\section2 Creating Contacts

The client creates a new contact and saves it in a manager.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Creating a new contact in a manager

Alternatively, the client can explicitly block execution until the request is
complete, by doing something like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Creating a new contact in a manager waiting until finished

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously creating a new contact in a manager

\section2 Retrieving Contacts

The client requests all contacts from the manager which match a particular
filter.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Filtering contacts from a manager

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously filtering contacts from a manager

The client can also retrieve a particular existing contact from a manager, by
directly requesting the contact with a particular (previously known) id.
With the asynchronous API, this takes the form of another filter:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Retrieving an existing contact from a manager

The synchronous API provides a function specifically for this purpose:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously retrieving an existing contact from a manager

\section2 Updating Contacts

The client updates a previously saved contact by saving the updated version of
the contact.  Any contact whose id is the same as that of the updated contact
will be overwritten as a result of the save request.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Updating an existing contact in a manager

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously updating an existing contact in a manager

\section2 Removing Contacts

The client removes a contact from the manager by specifying its id.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Removing a contact from a manager

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously removing a contact from a manager

\section2 Creating Relationships

The client specifies a relationship between two contacts stored in the manager

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Creating a new relationship between two contacts

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously creating a new relationship between two contacts

\section2 Retrieving Relationships

The client requests the relationships that a particular contact is involved in
from the manager in which the contact is stored.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Retrieving relationships between contacts

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously retrieving relationships between contacts

When a contact is retrieved, it will contain a cache of the relationships in
which it is involved at the point in time at which it was retrieved.
This provides clients with a simple way to retrieve the relationships in which
a contact is involved, but carries the risk that the cache is stale.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Retrieving relationships from cache

Clients can inform the manager that they do not require this cache of
relationships to be populated when retrieving a contact, which can allow a
manager to optimize contact retrieval.  Other retrieval optimizations are also
possible to specify, for example that they do not require action preferences
to be returned, or that they are only interested in certain types of details.
The following code shows how the client can inform the manager that they are
only interested in relationships of the \c HasMember type (groups):

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Providing a fetch hint

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously providing a fetch hint

\section2 Removing Relationships

The client can remove a relationship directly from a manager.

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsampleasync.cpp Removing a relationship

The equivalent code using the synchronous API looks like:

    \snippet qtcontactsdocsample/qtcontactsdocsample.cpp Synchronously removing a relationship

Alternatively, when a contact which is involved in a relationship is removed,
any relationships in which it is involved will be removed also.

*/
