Motion Guide - One Large Document.

This version of the Guide is made for inclusion in the Motion download package for off line reading.

If you read this document from the distribution package of Motion or from some not up to date mirror you should know that the URL for the always up to date version is http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion/MotionGuide. If you are already on the Foswiki based Motion site clicking the link just mentioned will lead you to the index page for the Motion Guide documents.


This topic consists of the following subtopics: MotionOverview, KnownProblems, InstallOverview, PrepareInstall, ConfigureScript, MakeInstall, UpgradingFromOlderVersion, RunningMotionConfigFiles, CommandLineOptions, ConfigFileOptions, SignalsKill, ErrorLogging, CaptureDeviceOptions, MotionDetectionSettings, ImageFileOutput, TuningMotion, MpegFilmsFFmpeg, SnapshotsWebCam, TextFeatures, AdvancedFilenames, ConversionSpecifiers, WebcamServer, RemoteControlHttp, ExternalCommands, TrackingControl, UsingDatabases, LoopbackDevice.

Motion Guide - Installation

Motion Overview

What is Motion?

Motion is a program that monitors the video signal from one or more cameras and is able to detect if a significant part of the picture has changed. Or in other words, it can detect motion.

The program is written in C and is made for the Linux operating system.

Motion is a command line based tool. It has absolutely no graphical user interface. Everything is setup either via the command line or via a set of configuration files (simple ASCII files that can be edited by any ASCII editor).

The output from motion can be:

How do I get Motion and what does it cost?

Motion is an open source type of project. It does not cost anything. Motion is published under the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL) version 2 or later. It may be a bit difficult to understand all the details of the license text (especially if your first language is not English). It means that you can get the program, install it and use it freely. You do not have to pay anything and you do not have to register anywhere or ask the author or publisher for permission. The GPL gives you both rights and some very reasonable duties when it comes to copying, distribution and modification of the program. So in very general terms you do not have to worry about licensing as a normal hobby user. If you want to use Motion in a commercial product, if you want to distribute either modified or original versions of Motion - for free or for a fee, you should read the license carefully. For more information about free software and the GPL, I encourage you to study the very interesting documents about the subject available the of the Free Software Foundation pages about the Philosophy of the GNU Project.

Maintenance and Support

Both Motion and the Motion Guide are written by people that do all this as a hobby and without asking for any payments or donations. We have a life other than developing Motion and its documentation. This means that bugfixes and updates to this guide are done as our time and families allow it. You are however encouraged to participate and contribute in a very active mailing list. It is a list with a very "positive attitude" and with many contributors that propose features, post patches, discuss problems and patiently answer newbie questions with a very positive spirit. Expect 1-10 emails per day.

To get motion direct your browser to the Motion Homepage.

On the Download Files page you will find a links to the latest stable version both as sources and binaries for some of the most popular Linux distributions. You will also find links to development versions. Snapshot releases are special test releases that are normally very stable. Every day a Motion Daily Source Snap is created from the Motion Subversion

Motion was originally written by Jeroen Vreeken who still actively participates in the development of Motion and later Folkert van Heusden continued as a lead programmer with Kenneth Lavrsen responsible for Motion Guide, website and releases on Sourceforge.

From version 3.1.12 Motion is now project managed entirely by Kenneth Lavrsen, and the project now shift towards being developed by many contributers.

For support we encourage you to join the mailing list instead of writing to Jeroen, Folkert or Kenneth directly. We are all very active on the mailing list and by using the mailing list much more users will have benefit of the answers. Newbies and stupid questions are welcome on the list. Contributions in the form of patches are also very welcome on the mailing list.

Which version to download and use?

Versions 3.2.X are the current version. There is at the moment no development branch. The versions 3.1.X ended at 3.1.20 and there will be no more 3.1.X releases. If you use use a version older than 3.2.X you are encouraged to update.

Since 3.1.13 quite many options have been renamed to make setting up Motion easier. From 3.1.17-18 some unfinished features have been removed. The Berkeley mpeg feature is now removed because the ffmpeg feature is now mature and much better working. At version 3.1.18 a new network camera feature was introduced replacing the old cURL based netcam code and introducing support of mjpeg streaming cameras. However this new code was quite difficult to get stable. During the development of 3.2.2 the network camera code was totally rewritten again learning from our experience and now finally it seems to be stable.

Motion is included in Debian, while Ubuntu and RPM users can find binary packages on the Motion Sourceforge file download page.

What features does Motion have?

See more description at the Motion Homepage.

You can find more information and links at the Motion Homepage.

FreeBSD

Motion is originally developed for Linux and it is still mainly developed and supported for this platform. From version 3.1.15 an experimental port has been made by Angel Carpintero. Not all features of Motion are supported at this time and it still needs a lot of test time on different hardware. Angel is very interested in feedback. Join the Motion Mailing List and give your feedback there. Patches for bugfixes and for enabling the missing features are very welcome. The rest of this guide is still mainly targeted for Linux users. Follow this topic to Install FreeBSD.

MacOSX

From Motion version 3.2.4 it is now also possible to build and install Motion under MacOSX. Feature set it the same as for FreeBSD. See the MacOSX topic for specific help how to install Motion and its dependencies on MacOSX. Again this port has been contributed by Angel Carpintero.

Documentation

You have the following sources of information:

Supported Hardware

Input devices: Here we are thinking about the cameras.

Motion supports video input from two kinds of sources.

Standard video4linux devices (e.g. /dev/video0). Motion has no drivers for cameras. Installing the camera itself is outside the scope of this document. But here are some nice links.

Known Problems

See also the Frequently Asked Questions and Bug Reports for known open bugs.

Kernel 2.6 and pwc. Note that for kernel 2.6 there is a new release of the Philips WebCam (pwc) drivers 10.0.X. It is recommended to install this. At the time of this being written the 2.6.12+ kernels have a version of pwc built-in but it is a cripled version which can only support very small picture size. You can however download the latest source code of the pwc driver (at this time 10.0.11) and build it without having to rebuild your kernel. But you will need to have either the kernel sources or a special kernel-header package installed to compile it. See Installation of PWC page which is also hosted in this wiki.

If you use use a Logitech Quickcam Orbit or Sphere using the driver pwc/pwcx and kernel 2.6.X you should replace the file in the Motion sources called pwc-ioctl.h with the one that comes with the your pwc version. Motion is shipped with 3 versions of pwc-ioctl.h-VERSION. Rename the one that fits your major pwc version number best to pwc-ioctl.h (after renaming the current to something else). There has been some small adjustments in the API that requires that you have the right header file.

Camera picture dimensions must be multiple of 16 Dimentions of camera image must have both height and width that are a multiple of 16. Thís is normally not a problem. All standard sizes like 640, 480, 352, 320, 288, 240, ...etc are multiples of 16. But if you intend to monitor a network camera which is saving jpeg images you may have to pay attention to the dimensions of the picture.

ffmpeg_filename has changed name to movie_filename The 3.2.5 release contains a motion_guide and man page in which it was forgotten to change ffmpeg_filename to movie_filename. Please note that the option that defines the filenames for mpeg movies is now called movie_filename. This change is made because we may soon implement alternatives to ffmpeg and then ffmpeg_filename will be a bad name. This is fixed in release 3.2.5.1.

error: `time_current_frame' undeclared (first use in this function) A bug in 3.2.5 and 3.2.5.1 where a bugfix related to snapshot feature has created a new bug when you compile Motion without ffmpeg libs installed. This is fixed in 3.2.6.

How do I install Motion?

Motion is mainly distributed as source files that you must compile yourself. There is also an RPM made on Fedora Core 3. And Debian packages are available for selected versions.

The short overview of the steps to install Motion from sources.

Preparation For Install

Note: If you're using SuSE 9.2, you might want to ADDITIONALLY have a look at Compiling on SuSE 9.2. As mentioned on that page as well, you will still need to read the instructions here as well.

Before you start you may need to install a number of shared libraries that Motion uses. If they are missing the feature will simply normally not be included. Most of these libraries can be found on the CDs of your distribution. A few will have to be downloaded from the Internet. Note that when you install software using pre-compiled binaries (Redhat type RPMs, Debian debs etc) you normally only get what is needed to run the programs themselves. In order to compile other programs from source that uses these pre-compiled libraries you also need to installed the development packages. These are normally called the same name as the package suffixed by -devel or -dev. These development packages contains the header files (xxx.h) that Motion needs to build with the shared libraries. If you build a library from sources you already have these header files. It is recommended to simply install the pre-compiled binary packages and their development brothers.

This is a list of shared libraries used by Motion and the RPM packages that provides them.

Motion will always need these libraries to be built and work
Library RPM Packages Debian Packages
libm, libresolv, libdl, libpthread, libc, ld-linux, libcrypt, and libnsl glibc and glibc-devel libc6 , libc6-dev ,libglib1.2
libjpeg libjpeg and libjpeg-devel libjpeg62 and libjpeg62-dev ( optional libjpeg-mmx-dev )
libz zlib and zlib-devel zlib1g and zlib1g-dev

For generating mpeg films with ffmpeg you need this library:
(See also the section Generating MPEG films with ffmpeg for how to install ffmpeg and libavformat/libavcodec)
Motion must be installed with revision 0.4.8 or 0.4.9pre1 of ffmpeg. Motion will also work with later CVS snapshots of ffmpeg but the API of the ffmpeg libraries changes all the time and without warning. If you have problems compiling Motion or with running an RPM of Motion you may try with an older CVS snapshot of ffmpeg. The Motion developers will like to know when ffmpeg changes and breaks Motion so we can fix it. Please file a bug report then with the exact date of the ffmpeg CVS version you have trouble with.

Library RPM Packages Debian Packages
libavcodec, libavformat ffmpeg and ffmpeg-devel or install from source libavcodec-dev libavcodec0d libavformat-dev libavformat0d (*)

Debian has not provided deb packages for ffmpeg due patent issues. However this is about to change so checkout for availability of newer versions of debian ffmpeg debs. You can build yourself from source or from Christian Marillat website or apt repository.

deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org stable main # ( etch )
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org testing main # ( lenny )
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org unstable main # ( sid )

Add the suitable line to your /etc/apt/sources.list and run this:
apt-get update ; apt-get -y install libavcodec-dev libavcodec0d libavformat-dev libavformat0d

For logging in MySQL you need this library:
Library RPM Packages Debian Packages
libmysqlclient mysql and mysql-devel libmysqlclient15-off and libmysqlclient15-dev

For logging in PostgreSQL you need this library:
Library RPM Packages Debian Packages
libpq postgresql-libs and postgresql-devel libpq-dev and libpq4

Configure Script

Configure is script that you run to setup the build environment for the C-compiler. It generates the "Makefile" which the program "make" uses to compile and install the software.

To run configure your current directory must be the motion directory. You type

./configure

You can add the parameter ./configure --help to get help on the different switches.

This is walk through of the options.

Option Description
Defaults for the options
are specified in brackets [ ]
Editors comment
-h, --help display this help and exit  
--help=short display options specific to this package This command shows the options special to motion. Recommended
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages  
-V, --version display version information and exit Gives no useful information
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages Not very useful. Output to screen is only a few lines anyway.
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE. [disabled] No function
-C, --config-cach alias for `--cache-file=config.cache' No function
-n, --no-create do not create output files Used for testing if other switches produce error - without writing anything to the disk
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR. [configure dir or `..'] DIR is a directory path. Editor recommends having the current directory being the motion installation directory and not using this switch. Then it defaults to the same directory as where the configure script is which is the current directory.
Installation directories:    
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
The default /usr/local means that the executable binary "motion" is installed in /usr/local/bin, the manual page in /usr/local/man/man1, the document files in /usr/local/docs/motion-version, configuration file in /usr/local/etc, and some examples config files in /usr/local/examples/motion-versionEditor recommends keeping this default setting.
If you are experimenting with many parallel versions it may be interesting to set the PREFIX to e.g. /usr/local/motion and then add /usr/local/motion/bin to your search path (or simply cd /usr/local/motion/bin before execution).
This way you can change version just by changing the symbolic link in /usr/local/motion as suggested earlier in this guide.
If you are installing the software on a machine where you have no access to the /usr/local but have write access to a home directory, then you should change this to point to a directory within your home tree.
Example: --prefix=$HOME
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
If you set this it only defines an alternative installation directory for the executable binary.
Note: The executable binary will be placed in a directory "bin" below the directory specified by this option
Editor recommends leaving this as default (i.e. not setting it).
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin] With this option you can control exactly in which directory the executable binary is installed. The previous option automatically adds the bin directory. Here you are in fill control.
--sbindir=DIR System admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [PREFIX/share] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc] This is where motion both installs the default configuration file and also where it later searches for it.
Motion searches for the configuration file "motion.conf" in the following order:

    1. Current directory from where motion was invoked
    2. $HOME/.motion
    3. The sysconfig directory set by this switch. If not defined the default is /usr/local/etc/

Editor recommends leaving this at default. Be careful if you run "make install" again. This will overwrite the motion.conf file that you have edited and experimented with for hours. Make sure to keep a copy in a safe place. Alternatively, copy the working file to the motion base install directory. Then make install will simply copy the same file back again.
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--infodir=DIR info documentation [PREFIX/info] Not used by motion. Ignore it.
--mandir=DIR man documentation [PREFIX/man] Editor recommends the default.
Optional Packages:    
--with-linuxthreads Use linuxthreads in BSD instead of native phtreads Only relevant for BSD. In Linux we always use this per default.
--with-pwcbsd Use pwcbsd based webcams ( only BSD ) This option allow to build motion to support V4L/V4L2 in BSD.
HowtoMotionPwcFreeBSD
--without-bktr Exclude to use bktr subsystem , that usually useful for devices as network cameras ONLY used in *BSD
--without-v4l Exclude using v4l (video4linux) subsystem. Makes Motion so it only supports network cameras. Can be used if you do not need V4L support and maybe lack some of the libraries for it.
--with-jpeg-mmx=DIR Specify the prefix for the install path for jpeg-mmx for optimized jpeg handling (optional). If this is not specified motion will try to find the library /usr/lib/libjpeg-mmx.a /usr/local/lib/libjpeg-mmx.a. Considered experimental
--with-ffmpeg=DIR Specify the path for the directory prefix in which the library and headers are installed.
If not specified configure will search in /usr/ and /usr/local/
DIR is the directory PREFIX in which the ffmpeg shared libraries and their headers are installed.
If you install ffmpeg from sources and use the default directories or if ffmpeg is installed as a binary package (RPM or deb) you do not need to specify the directory prefix. Configure will find the libraries automatically. If you installed ffmpeg from sources and specified a different --prefix when building ffmpeg you must use the same value for the DIR ( --with-ffmpeg=DIR).
For more information on FFmpeg see the FFmpeg project home page.
FFmpeg is a package that enables streamed video mpeg signal from your web camera to a browser.
Editor recommends installing ffmpeg from source and in the directory /usr/local/ffmpeg and build ffmpeg with ./configure --enable-shared.
This places libraries in /usr/local/lib and headers in /usr/local/include.
--without-ffmpeg Do not compile with ffmpeg Use this if you do not want to compile with ffmpeg. If ffmpeg is not installed you do not need to specify that Motion must build without ffmpeg.
--with-mysql-lib=DIR Lib directory of MySQL Normally, configure will scan all possible default installation paths for MySQL libs. When its fail, use this command to tell configure where MySQL libs installation root directory is.
--with-mysql-include=DIR Include directory with headers for MySQL Normally, configure will scan all possible default installation paths for MySQL include. When its fail, use this command to tell configure where MySQL include installation directory is. This is the directory with the MySQL header files.
--without-mysql Do not compile with MySQL support Use this if you do not want to include MySQL support in the package.
This can also be useful if you get compilation errors related to MySQL and you actually do not need the feature anyway.
--without-pgsql Do not compile with PostgreSQL support Use this if you do not want to include PostgreSQL support in the package.
This can also be useful if you get compilation errors related to PostgreSQL and you actually do not need the feature anyway.
--with-pgsql-include=DIR Normally, configure will scan all possible default installation paths for pgsql include. When it fails, use this command to tell configure where pgsql include installation root directory is.  
--with-pgsql-lib=DIR Normally, configure will scan all possible default installation paths for pgsql libs. When it fails, use
this command to tell configure where pgsql libs installation root directory is.
 
--without-optimizecpu Exclude autodetecting platform and cpu type. This will disable the compilation of gcc optimizing code by platform and cpu. Use this if the optimization causes problems. Typically if you build on some non X386 compatible CPU.
Developers options    
--with-developer-flags Add additional warning flags for the compiler. This option is for developers only. It produces a flood of warnings that helps the developer to write more robust code. These warnings are normally harmless but can sometimes be a latent defect.
For more information about these flags, see CompileWithDeveloperFlags

Make

When you run make, all the C-source files are automatically compiled and linked. Just look out for error messages.

Make uses a file called "Makefile" which is generated by the "configure" script you just ran. If you have special needs you can manually edit this file. Next time you run configure a new Makefile will be generated and your changes are lost.

ALERT! Attention!

If you have run make before, you should run a make clean before running make again. This cleans out all the object files that were generated the previous time you ran make. If you do not run make clean first before you rebuild Motion you may not get the additional feature included. For example: If you built Motion without ffmpeg support and then add it later - and rebuild Motion without running make clean first - the ffmpeg feature does not get compiled into the Motion binary.

First time you build motion run ./configure, make, make install. If you need to build it again (to run with different configure options) run ./configure, make clean, make, make install.

Make Install

make install simply copies all the nice files that were generated during the compilation/linking that make did.

Makes the directories (if they do not already exist)(path shown are the defaults): /usr/local/bin, usr/local/man/man1, /usr/local/etc, /usr/local/share/doc/motion-3.2.X, and /usr/local/share/doc/examples/motion-3.2.X.

Copies the following files from the base motion directory (assuming the default PREFIX /usr/local was used when running configure - otherwise adjust to the actuals you chose)

Note that the any existing files are overwritten. The default config file motion-dist.conf is named like this so that you do not get your working motion.conf file overwritten when you upgrade Motion.

Un-install

From the motion base installation directory you simply run make uninstall

And delete the base installation directory in /usr/local and any link pointing to it. If you have forgotten where you installed it or someone else did it for you, simply search for the files and directories starting with motion. If the filenames and the directories match the names described in the "Make Install" section of this document, you can safely delete them.

Additional Make Options

The make command can be run with several options. make, make install and make uninstall has already been described above.

make clean
deletes all the binary files (object files) and the motion binary generated by make. It also deletes temporary files and any jpg files that motion has saved in the motion source directory. It is very important to always run make clean before you run make if you change the configuration (like adding features such as ffmpeg) and rebuild motion.

make distclean
deletes the files: config.status, config.log, config.cache, Makefile, and motion.spec.

make updateguide
fetches a fresh new copy of this guide and place it in your motion source directory. Note that the pictures are not downloaded.

make dist
performs make clean, make distclean and make updateguide in one single operation.

Upgrading From Older Version

If you are upgrading from motion 3.0.X or from an older version of 3.1.X you should note that many options have been removed from version 3.1.13 and forward and many new have arrived. You still have most of the old features. The options have been changed for two reasons. New more flexible features and to simplify getting started with Motion. With 3.2.1 the changes are significant. You should also note these major differences.

The table below shows the new options in the left column, and obsolete options in the right column. If the there are options on both sides in a row it means that the options in the left column replaced the options in the right column.

New Options Obsolete Options
text_left (3.1.13)
text_right (3.1.13)
text_changes (3.1.13)
drawtext_user (3.1.13)
drawtext_shots (3.1.13)
drawtext_changes (3.1.13)
jpeg_filename (3.1.13)
ffmpeg_filename (3.1.13)
snapshot_filename (3.1.13)
timelapse_filename (3.1.13)
predict_filename (3.1.13)
(predict_filename removed in 3.1.18)
oldlayout (3.1.13)
snapshots_overwrite (3.1.13)
snapshot_interval (3.1.13) snapshots (3.1.13)
  realmotion (3.1.13)
despeckle (3.1.13)  
pre_capture (3.1.12)  
ffmpeg_timelapse (v. 3.1.14) ffmpeg_timelaps (renamed v 3.1.14)
ffmpeg_timelapse_mode (3.1.14)  
sql_log_image (3.1.14)
sql_log_snapshot (3.1.14)
sql_log_mpeg (3.1.14)
sql_log_timelapse (3.1.14)
sql_log_prediction (3.1.14)
 
minimum_motion_frames (3.1.14)  
rotate (3.1.15)  
ffmpeg_variable_bitrate (3.1.15)
ffmpeg_video_codec (3.1.15)
 
  berkeley_single_directory (3.1.18)
mpeg_encode (3.1.18)
mpeg_encode_bin (3.1.18)
adjust_rate off (3.1.18)
jpg_cleanup (3.1.18)
  predict_filename (3.1.18)
predict_enable (3.1.18)
predict_threshold (3.1.18)
predict_description (3.1.18)
sql_log_prediction (3.1.18)
brightness (3.1.18)
contrast (3.1.18)
saturation (3.1.18)
hue (3.1.18)
 
smart_mask_speed (3.1.18)  
output_normal
valid values are now "on", "off", "first" (3.1.18) and "best" (3.2.1)
 
setup_mode (3.2.1) always_changes (3.2.1)
locate
valid values are now "on", "off", "preview" (3.2.1)
 
jpeg_filename
Besides normal path names the value "preview" has speciel meaning together with output_normal = "best" (3.2.1)
 
control_html_output (3.2.1)  
on_event_start (3.2.1) execute (3.2.1)
sms (3.2.1)
mail (3.2.1)
on_event_end (3.2.1)  
on_motion_detected (3.2.1)  
on_picture_save (3.2.1) onsave (3.2.1)
on_movie_start (3.2.1)
on_movie_end (3.2.1)
onmpeg (3.2.1)
onffmpegclose (introduced 3.1.13)(renamed to on_movie_end 3.2.1)
netcam_proxy (3.2.2)  
text_double (3.2.2)  
webcam_motion
Feature has been heavily improved so it is actually usefull now (3.2.2).
 
netcam_url
Now also supports fetching single frame jpeg pictures via ftp using ftp:// syntax (3.2.4)
 
track_step_angle_x (3.2.4)
track_step_angle_y (3.2.4)
Add better configuration of auto tracking with a Logitech Sphere/Orbit camera.
 
track_move_wait (3.2.4)
track_auto (3.2.4)
Adds better configuration of auto tracking feature
 
sql_query (3.2.4)
Adds full flexibility of defining fields when using the SQL database features.
 
track_maxy (3.2.5)
track_motory (3.2.5)
 
movie_filename (3.2.5) ffmpeg_filename (3.2.5)
ffmpeg_deinterlace (3.2.5)  
minimum_frame_time (3.2.7) minimum_gap (3.2.7)
process_id_file (3.2.7)  
ffmpeg_video_codec allow swf (3.2.8)  
ffmpeg_video_codec allow flv and ffv1 (3.2.9)  
v4l2_palette (3.2.10)
netcam_http (3.2.10)
on_camera_lost (3.2.10)
area_detect, on_area_detected(3.2.10)
ffmpeg_video_codec mov(3.2.10)
output_normal center(3.2.10)
 
  night_compensate (3.2.10)
low_cpu (3.2.10)
netcam_tolerant_check (3.2.11)  

Running Motion

Important Definitions

Motion is invoked from the command line. It has no GUI. Everything is controlled from config files. From version 3.2 the command line is only used to define location of config file and a few special runtime modes (setup and non-daemon).

A few important definitions.

The Config Files

If Motion was invoked with command line option -c pathname Motion will expect the config file to be as specified. When you specify the config file on the command line with -c you can call it anything.

If you do not specify -c or the filename you give Motion does not exist, Motion will search for the configuration file called 'motion.conf' in the following order:

  1. Current directory from where motion was invoked
  2. Then in a directory called '.motion' in the current users home directory (shell environment variable $HOME). E.g. /home/goofy/.motion/motion.conf
  3. The directory defined by the --sysconfdir=DIR when running .configure during installation of Motion
    (If this option was not defined the default is /usr/local/etc/)
If you have write access to /usr/local/etc then the editor recommends having only one motion.conf file in the default /usr/local/etc/ directory.

Motion has a configuration file in the distribution package called motion-dist.conf. When you run 'make install' this file gets copied to the /usr/local/etc directory.

The configuration file needs to be renamed from motion-dist.conf to motion.conf. The original file is called motion-dist.conf so that your perfectly working motion.conf file does not accidentally get overwritten when you re-install or upgrade to a newer version of Motion.

If you have more than one camera you should not try and invoke Motion more times. Motion is made to work with more than one camera in a very elegant way and the way to do it is to create a number of thread config files. Motion will then create an extra tread of itself for each camera. If you only have one camera you only need the motion.conf file. The minute you have two or more cameras you must have one thread config file per camera besides the motion.conf file.

So if you have for example two cameras you need motion.conf and two thread config files. Total of 3 config files.

An option that is common to all cameras can be placed in motion.conf. (You can also put all parameters in the thread files but that makes a lot of editing when you change a common thing).

An option that is unique to a camera must be defined in each thread file.

It is often seen that people copy the entire motion.conf into the thread config files and change a few options. This works but it not recommended because it is more difficult to maintain and overview. Keep all the common options in motion.conf and the few unique only in the thread config files

The first camera is defined in the first thread file called from motion.conf. The 2nd camera is defined in the 2nd thread file called from motion.conf etc.

Any option defined in motion.conf will be used for all cameras except for the cameras in which the same option is defined in a thread config file.

Motion reads its configuration parameters in the following sequence. If the same parameter exists more than one place the last one read wins.

  1. Motion reads the configuration file motion.conf from the beginning of the file going down line by line.
  2. If the option "thread" is defined in motion.conf, the thread configuration file(s) is/(are) read.
  3. Motion continues reading the rest of the motion.conf file. Any options from here will overrule the same option previously defines in a thread config file.
  4. Motion reads the command line option again overruling any previously defined options.
So always call the thread config files in the end of the motion.conf file. If you define options in motion.conf AFTER the thread file calls, the same options in the thread files will never be used. So always put the thread file call at the end of motion.conf.

Nearly all config options can be unique for a specific camera and placed in a thread config file. There are a few options that must be in motion.conf and cannot be in a thread config file: control_authentication, control_html_output, control_localhost, control_port, daemon, and thread.

If motion is built without specific features such as ffmpeg, mysql etc it will ignore the options that belongs to these features. You do not have to remove them or comment them out.

If you run the http control command http://host:port/0/config/writeyes, motion will overwrite motion.conf and all the thread.conf files by autogenerated config files neatly formatted and only with the features included that Motion was built with. If you later re-build Motion with more features or upgrade to a new version, you can use your old config files, run the motion.conf.write command, and you will have new config files with the new options included all set to their default values. This makes upgrading very easy to do.

Command Line Options

ALERT! In Motion 3.2.1 and forward most command line options have been removed and replaced them by an option to specify location to motion.conf and a few options related to setting up motion. There are now only few command line options left and they are basically all new.

SYNOPSIS

motion [ -hns ] [ -c config file path ] [ -d level ]  [ -p process_id_file ]

Option Description Editors comment
-n Run in non-daemon mode. Instead of running Motion in the background Motion runs in the terminal window writing messages when things happen. If you have problems getting Motion to start or work, run Motion in this mode to get more messages that can help you solve the problem.
-s Run in setup mode. Also forces non-daemon mode
-c config file path Full path and filename of config file. E.g. /home/kurt/motion.conf. Default is /usr/local/etc unless specified differently when building Motion. Many RPMs and debian packages will most likely use /etc or /etc/motion as default
-h Show help screen.  
-d level Debugging mode This mode is used for developers to enable debug messages. Normal users will not need to use this mode unless a developer request to get additional information in the attempt to resolve a bug. Mainly the netcam code has debugging features. The level defines how much debugging info you get. A high number displays all debugging.
-p process_id_file Full path of process ID file Full path and filename of process id file (PID file). This is optional. If none is given as command line option or in motion.conf (process_id_file) Motion will not create a PID file.

Config File Options

These are the options that can be used in the config file.

All number values are integer numbers (no decimals allowed). Boolean options can be on or off.

Some configuration options are only used if Motion is built on a system that has the matching software libraries installed (MySQL, PostgreSQL and FFMPEG).

MySQL

PostgreSQL

FFMPEG (libavcodec)

Options in Alphabetical Order.

The table below lists all the Motion options in alphabetical order. Click on the option name to see a longer description of each.
Option Range/Values
Default
Description
area_detect Values: 1 - 999999999
Default: Not defined
Detect motion center in predefined areas. A script (on_area_detected) is started immediately when motion center is detected in one of the given areas, but only once during an event even if there is motion in a different configured area.
auto_brightness Values: on, off
Default: off
Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device. Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness
brightness Values: 0 - 255
Default: 0 (disabled)
The brightness level for the video device.
contrast Values: 0 - 255
Default: 0 (disabled)
The contrast level for the video device.
control_authentication Values: Max 4096 characters
Default: Not defined
To protect HTTP Control by username and password, use this option for HTTP 1.1 Basic authentication. The string is specified as username:password. Do not specify this option for no authentication. This option must be placed in motion.conf and not in a thread config file.
control_html_output Values: on, off
Default: on
Enable HTML in the a you run 'make install' this file gets copied to the /usr/local/etc directory.

The configuration file needs to be renamed from motion-dist.conf to motion.conf. The original file is called motion-dist.conf so that your perfectly working motion.conf file does not accidentally get overwritten when you re-install or upgrade to a newer version of Motion.

If you have more than one camera you should not try and invoke Motion more times. Motion is made to work with more than one camera in a very elegant way and the way to do it is to create a number of thread config files. Motion will then create an extra tread of itself for each camera. If you only have one camera you only need the motion.conf file. The minute you have two or more cameras you must have one thread config file per camera besides the motion.conf file.

So if you have for example two cameras you need motion.conf and two thread config files. Total of 3 config files.

An option that is common to all cameras can be placed in motion.conf. (You can also put all parameters in the thread files but that makes a lot of editing when you change a common thing).

An option that is unique to a camera must be defined in each thread file.

It is often seen that people copy the entire motion.conf into the thread config files and change a few options. This works but it not recommended because it is more difficult to maintain and overview. Keep all the common options in motion.conf and the few unique only in the thread config files

The first camera is defined in the first thread file called from motion.conf. The 2nd camera is defined in the 2nd thread file called from motion.conf etc.

Any option defined in motion.conf will be used for all cameras except for the cameras in which the same option is defined in a thread config file.

Motion reads its configuration parameters in the following sequence. If the same parameter exists more than one place the last one read wins.

  1. Motion reads the configuration file motion.conf from the beginning of the file going down line by line.
  2. If the option "thread" is defined in motion.conf, the thread configuration file(s) is/(are) read.
  3. Motion continues reading the rest of the motion.conf file. Any options from here will overrule the same option previously defines in a thread config file.
  4. Motion reads the command line option again overruling any previously defined options.
So always call the thread config files in the end of the motion.conf file. If you define options in motion.conf AFTER the thread file calls, the same options in the thread files will never be used. So always put the thread file call at the end of motion.conf.

Nearly all config options can be unique for a specific camera and placed in a thread config file. There are a few options that must be in motion.conf and cannot be in a thread config file: control_authentication, control_html_output, control_localhost, control_port, daemon, and thread.

If motion is built without specific features such as ffmpeg, mysql etc it will ignore the options that belongs to these features. You do not have to remove them or comment them out.

If you run the http control command http://host:port/0/config/writeyes, motion will overwrite motion.conf and all the thread.conf files by autogenerated config files neatly formatted and only with the features included that Motion was built with. If you later re-build Motion with more features or upgrade to a new version, you can use your old config files, run the motion.conf.write command, and you will have new config files with the new options included all set to their default values. This makes upgrading very easy to do.

Command Line Options

ALERT! In Motion 3.2.1 and forward most command line options have been removed and replaced them by an option to specify location to motion.conf and a few options related to setting up motion. There are now only few command line options left and they are basically all new.

SYNOPSIS

motion [ -hns ] [ -c config file path ] [ -d level ]  [ -p process_id_file ]

Option Description Editors comment
-n Run in non-daemon mode. Instead of running Motion in the background Motion runs in the terminal window writing messages when things happen. If you have problems getting Motion to start or work, run Motion in this mode to get more messages that can help you solve the problem.
-s Run in setup mode. Also forces non-daemon mode
-c config file path Full path and filename of config file. E.g. /home/kurt/motion.conf. Default is /usr/local/etc unless specified differently when building Motion. Many RPMs and debian packages will most likely use /etc or /etc/motion as default
-h Show help screen.  
-d level Debugging mode This mode is used for developers to enable debug messages. Normal users will not need to use this mode unless a developer request to get additional information in the attempt to resolve a bug. Mainly the netcam code has debugging features. The level defines how much debugging info you get. A high number displays all debugging.
-p process_id_file Full path of process ID file Full path and filename of process id file (PID file). This is optional. If none is given as command line option or in motion.conf (process_id_file) Motion will not create a PID file.

Config File Options

These are the options that can be used in the config file.

All number values are integer numbers (no decimals allowed). Boolean options can be on or off.

Some configuration options are only used if Motion is built on a system that has the matching software libraries installed (MySQL, PostgreSQL and FFMPEG).

MySQL

  • mysql_db, mysql_host, mysql_user, mysql_password

PostgreSQL

  • pgsql_db, pgsql_host, pgsql_user, pgsql_password, pgsql_port

FFMPEG (libavcodec)

  • ffmpeg_cap_new, ffmpeg_cap_motion, ffmpeg_filename, ffmpeg_timelapse, ffmpeg_timelapse_mode, ffmpeg_bps, ffmpeg_variable_bitrate, ffmpeg_video_codec

Options in Alphabetical Order.

The table below lists all the Motion options in alphabetical order. Click on the option name to see a longer description of each.
Option Range/Values
Default
Description
area_detect Values: 1 - 999999999
Default: Not defined
Detect motion center in predefined areas. A script (on_area_detected) is started immediately when motion center is detected in one of the given areas, but only once during an event even if there is motion in a different configured area.
auto_brightness Values: on, off
Default: off
Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device. Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness
brightness Values: 0 - 255
Default: 0 (disabled)
The brightness level for the video device.
contrast Values: 0 - 255
Default: 0 (disabled)
The contrast level for the video device.
control_authentication Values: Max 4096 characters
Default: Not defined
To protect HTTP Control by username and password, use this option for HTTP 1.1 Basic authentication. The string is specified as username:password. Do not specify this option for no authentication. This option must be placed in motion.conf and not in a thread config file.
control_html_output Values: on, off
Default: on
Enable HTML in the a you run 'make install' this file gets copied to the /usr/local/etc directory.

The configuration file needs to be renamed from motion-dist.conf to motion.conf. The original file is called motion-dist.conf so that your perfectly working motion.conf file does not accidentally get overwritten when you re-install or upgrade to a newer version of Motion.

If you have more than one camera you should not try and invoke Motion more times. Motion is made to work with more than one camera in a very elegant way and the way to do it is to create a number of thread config files. Motion will then create an extra tread of itself for each camera. If you only have one camera you only need the motion.conf file. The minute you have two or more cameras you must have one thread config file per camera besides the motion.conf file.

So if you have for example two cameras you need motion.conf and two thread config files. Total of 3 config files.

An option that is common to all cameras can be placed in motion.conf. (You can also put all parameters in the thread files but that makes a lot of editing when you change a common thing).

An option that is unique to a camera must be defined in each thread file.

It is often seen that people copy the entire motion.conf into the thread config files and change a few options. This works but it not recommended because it is more difficult to maintain and overview. Keep all the common options in motion.conf and the few unique only in the thread config files

The first camera is defined in the first thread file called from motion.conf. The 2nd camera is defined in the 2nd thread file called from motion.conf etc.

Any option defined in motion.conf will be used for all cameras except for the cameras in which the same option is defined in a thread config file.

Motion reads its configuration parameters in the following sequence. If the same parameter exists more than one place the last one read wins.

  1. Motion reads the configuration file motion.conf from the beginning of the file going down line by line.
  2. If the option "thread" is defined in motion.conf, the thread configuration file(s) is/(are) read.
  3. Motion continues reading the rest of the motion.conf file. Any options from here will overrule the same option previously defines in a thread config file.
  4. Motion reads the command line option again overruling any previously defined options.
So always call the thread config files in the end of the motion.conf file. If you define options in motion.conf AFTER the thread file calls, the same options in the thread files will never be used. So always put the thread file call at the end of motion.conf.

Nearly all config options can be unique for a specific camera and placed in a thread config file. There are a few options that must be in motion.conf and cannot be in a thread config file: control_authentication, control_html_output, control_localhost, control_port, daemon, and thread.

If motion is built without specific features such as ffmpeg, mysql etc it will ignore the options that belongs to these features. You do not have to remove them or comment them out.

If you run the http control command http://host:port/0/config/writeyes, motion will overwrite motion.conf and all the thread.conf files by autogenerated config files neatly formatted and only with the features included that Motion was built with. If you later re-build Motion with more features or upgrade to a new version, you can use your old config files, run the motion.conf.write command, and you will have new config files with the new options included all set to their default values. This makes upgrading very easy to do.

Command Line Options

ALERT! In Motion 3.2.1 and forward most command line options have been removed and replaced them by an option to specify location to motion.conf and a few options related to setting up motion. There are now only few command line options left and they are basically all new.

SYNOPSIS

motion [ -hns ] [ -c config file path ] [ -d level ]  [ -p process_id_file ]

Option Description Editors comment
-n Run in non-daemon mode. Instead of running Motion in the background Motion runs in the terminal window writing messages when things happen. If you have problems getting Motion to start or work, run Motion in this mode to get more messages that can help you solve the problem.
-s Run in setup mode. Also forces non-daemon mode
-c config file path Full path and filename of config file. E.g. /home/kurt/motion.conf. Default is /usr/local/etc unless specified differently when building Motion. Many RPMs and debian packages will most likely use /etc or /etc/motion as default
-h Show help screen.  
-d level Debugging mode This mode is used for developers to enable debug messages. Normal users will not need to use this mode unless a developer request to get additional information in the attempt to resolve a bug. Mainly the netcam code has debugging features. The level defines how much debugging info you get. A high number displays all debugging.
-p process_id_file Full path of process ID file Full path and filename of process id file (PID file). This is optional. If none is given as command line option or in motion.conf (process_id_file) Motion will not create a PID file.

Config File Options

These are the options that can be used in the config file.

All number values are integer numbers (no decimals allowed). Boolean options can be on or off.

Some configuration options are only used if Motion is built on a system that has the matching software libraries installed (MySQL, PostgreSQL and FFMPEG).

MySQL

  • mysql_db, mysql_host, mysql_user, mysql_password

PostgreSQL

  • pgsql_db, pgsql_host, pgsql_user, pgsql_password, pgsql_port

FFMPEG (libavcodec)

  • ffmpeg_cap_new, ffmpeg_cap_motion, ffmpeg_filename, ffmpeg_timelapse, ffmpeg_timelapse_mode, ffmpeg_bps, ffmpeg_variable_bitrate, ffmpeg_video_codec

Options in Alphabetical Order.

The table below lists all the Motion options in alphabetical order. Click on the option name to see a longer description of each.
Option Range/Values
Default
Description
area_detect Values: 1 - 999999999
Default: Not defined
Detect motion center in predefined areas. A script (on_area_detected) is started immediately when motion center is detected in one of the given areas, but only once during an event even if there is motion in a different configured area.
auto_brightness Values: on, off
Default: off
Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device. Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness
brightness Values: 0 - 255
Default: 0 (disabled)
The brightness level for the video device.