/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.jempbox.impl;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.apache.jempbox.xmp.Elementable;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;

/**
 * This class with handle some simple XML operations.
 * 
 * @author <a href="mailto:ben@benlitchfield.com">Ben Litchfield</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:chris@oezbek.net">Christopher Oezbek</a>
 * 
 * @version $Revision: 1.4 $
 */
public class XMLUtil 
{
    /**
     * Utility class, should not be instantiated.
     *
     */
    private XMLUtil()
    {
    }
    
    /**
     * This will parse an XML stream and create a DOM document.
     * 
     * @param is The stream to get the XML from.
     * @return The DOM document.
     * @throws IOException It there is an error creating the dom.
     */
    public static Document parse( InputStream is ) throws IOException
    {
        try
        {
            DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            builderFactory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
            builderFactory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
            builderFactory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
            builderFactory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", false);
            builderFactory.setXIncludeAware(false);
            builderFactory.setExpandEntityReferences(false);
            DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            // prevents validation messages polluting the console
            builder.setErrorHandler(null);
            return builder.parse( is );
        }
        catch( Exception e )
        {
            IOException thrown = new IOException( e.getMessage() );
            throw thrown;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * This will parse an InputSource and create a DOM document.
     * 
     * @param is The stream to get the XML from.
     * @return The DOM document.
     * @throws IOException It there is an error creating the dom.
     */
    public static Document parse( InputSource is ) throws IOException
    {
        try
        {
            DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            // prevents validation messages polluting the console
            builder.setErrorHandler(null);
            return builder.parse( is );
        }
        catch( Exception e )
        {
            IOException thrown = new IOException( e.getMessage() );
            throw thrown;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * This will parse an XML stream and create a DOM document.
     * 
     * @param fileName The file to get the XML from.
     * @return The DOM document.
     * @throws IOException It there is an error creating the dom.
     */
    public static Document parse( String fileName ) throws IOException
    {
        try
        {
            DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            // prevents validation messages polluting the console
            builder.setErrorHandler(null);
            return builder.parse( fileName );
        }
        catch( Exception e )
        {
            IOException thrown = new IOException( e.getMessage() );
            throw thrown;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Create a new blank XML document.
     * 
     * @return The new blank XML document.
     * 
     * @throws IOException If there is an error creating the XML document.
     */
    public static Document newDocument() throws IOException
    {
        try
        {
            DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            return builder.newDocument();
        }
        catch( Exception e )
        {
            IOException thrown = new IOException( e.getMessage() );
            throw thrown;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Get the first instance of an element by name.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent to get the element from.
     * @param elementName The name of the element to look for.
     * @return The element or null if it is not found.
     */
    public static Element getElement( Element parent, String elementName )
    {
        Element retval = null;
        NodeList children = parent.getElementsByTagName( elementName );
        if( children.getLength() > 0 )
        {
            retval = (Element)children.item( 0 );
        }
        return retval;
    }
    
    /**
     * Get the integer value of a subnode.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent element that holds the values.
     * @param nodeName The name of the node that holds the integer value.
     * 
     * @return The integer value of the node.
     */
    public static Integer getIntValue( Element parent, String nodeName )
    {
        String intVal = XMLUtil.getStringValue( XMLUtil.getElement( parent, nodeName ) );
        Integer retval = null;
        if( intVal != null )
        {
            retval = new Integer( intVal );
        }
        return retval;
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the integer value of an element.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent element that will hold this subelement.
     * @param nodeName The name of the subelement.
     * @param intValue The value to set.
     */
    public static void setIntValue( Element parent, String nodeName, Integer intValue )
    {
        Element currentValue = getElement( parent, nodeName );
        if( intValue == null )
        {
            if( currentValue != null )
            {
                parent.removeChild( currentValue );
            }
            else
            {
                //it doesn't exist so we don't need to remove it.
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( currentValue == null )
            {
                currentValue = parent.getOwnerDocument().createElement( nodeName );
                parent.appendChild( currentValue );
            }
            XMLUtil.setStringValue( currentValue, intValue.toString() );
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Get the value of a subnode.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent element that holds the values.
     * @param nodeName The name of the node that holds the value.
     * 
     * @return The value of the sub node.
     */
    public static String getStringValue( Element parent, String nodeName )
    {
        return XMLUtil.getStringValue( XMLUtil.getElement( parent, nodeName ) );
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the value of an element.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent element that will hold this subelement.
     * @param nodeName The name of the subelement.
     * @param nodeValue The value to set.
     */
    public static void setStringValue( Element parent, String nodeName, String nodeValue )
    {
        Element currentValue = getElement( parent, nodeName );
        if( nodeValue == null )
        {
            if( currentValue != null )
            {
                parent.removeChild( currentValue );
            }
            else
            {
                //it doesn't exist so we don't need to remove it.
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( currentValue == null )
            {
                currentValue = parent.getOwnerDocument().createElement( nodeName );
                parent.appendChild( currentValue );
            }
            XMLUtil.setStringValue( currentValue, nodeValue );
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * This will get the text value of an element.
     *
     * @param node The node to get the text value for.
     * @return The text of the node.
     */
    public static String getStringValue( Element node )
    {
        String retval = "";
        NodeList children = node.getChildNodes();
        for( int i=0; i<children.getLength(); i++ )
        {
            Node next = children.item( i );
            if( next instanceof Text )
            {
                retval = next.getNodeValue();
            }
        }
        return retval;
    }
    
    /**
     * This will set the text value of an element.
     *
     * @param node The node to get the text value for.
     * @param value The new value to set the node to.
     */
    public static void setStringValue( Element node, String value )
    {
        NodeList children = node.getChildNodes();
        for( int i=0; i<children.getLength(); i++ )
        {
            Node next = children.item( i );
            if( next instanceof Text )
            {
                node.removeChild( next );
            }
        }
        node.appendChild( node.getOwnerDocument().createTextNode( value ) );
    }
    
    /**
     * Set an XML element document.
     * 
     * @param parent The parent document to set the value in.
     * @param name The name of the XML element to set.
     * @param node The node to set or clear.
     */
    public static void setElementableValue( Element parent, String name, Elementable node )
    {
        NodeList nodes = parent.getElementsByTagName( name );
        if( node == null )
        {
            for( int i=0; i<nodes.getLength(); i++ )
            {
                parent.removeChild( nodes.item( i ) );
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( nodes.getLength() == 0 )
            {
                if( parent.hasChildNodes() )
                {
                    Node firstChild = parent.getChildNodes().item( 0 );
                    parent.insertBefore( node.getElement(), firstChild );
                }
                else
                {
                    parent.appendChild( node.getElement() );
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Node oldNode = nodes.item( 0 );
                parent.replaceChild( node.getElement(), oldNode );
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Save the XML document to a file.
     * 
     * @param doc The XML document to save.
     * @param file The file to save the document to.
     * @param encoding The encoding to save the file as.
     * 
     * @throws TransformerException If there is an error while saving the XML.
     */
    public static void save( Document doc, String file, String encoding ) 
        throws TransformerException
    {
        try
        {
            Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, encoding);
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "yes");
    //        initialize StreamResult with File object to save to file
            
            Result result = new StreamResult(new File(file));
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        }
        finally
        {
            
        }
    }
  
    /**
     * Save the XML document to an output stream.
     * 
     * @param doc The XML document to save.
     * @param outStream The stream to save the document to.
     * @param encoding The encoding to save the file as.
     * 
     * @throws TransformerException If there is an error while saving the XML.
     */
    public static void save( Node doc, OutputStream outStream, String encoding ) 
        throws TransformerException
    {
        try
        {
            Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, encoding);
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "yes");
            
            // initialize StreamResult with File object to save to file
            Result result = new StreamResult(outStream);
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        }
        finally
        {
            
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Convert the document to an array of bytes.
     *
     * @param doc The XML document.
     * @param encoding The encoding of the output data.
     *
     * @return The XML document as an array of bytes.
     *
     * @throws TransformerException If there is an error transforming to text.
     */
    public static byte[] asByteArray( Document doc, String encoding) 
        throws TransformerException 
    {
        Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, encoding);
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION, "yes");
        
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        Result result = new StreamResult(writer);
        DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
        transformer.transform(source, result);
        try
        {               
            return writer.getBuffer().toString().getBytes(encoding);
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            throw new TransformerException("Unsupported Encoding", e);
        }
    }
}
