Introduction |
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PerlMagick is an objected-oriented
Perl interface to
ImageMagick. Use the module to read,
manipulate, or write an image or image sequence from within a Perl
script. This makes it very suitable for Web CGI scripts. You must
have ImageMagick 5.4.3 or above and Perl version 5.005_02 or
greater installed on your system for either of these utilities to
work.
There are a number of useful scripts available to show you the
value of PerlMagick. You can do Web based image manipulation
and conversion with MagickStudio, or
use L-systems to create images of
plants using mathematical constructs, and finally navigate through
collections of thumbnail images and select the image to view with
the WebMagick Image Navigator.
You can try PerlMagick from your Web browser at the
ImageMagick Studio. Or, you can see
examples of select
PerlMagick functions.
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Installation |
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UNIX
The following instructions for Unix apply only to the
unbundled PerlMagick as obtained from CPAN. PerlMagick is included
as a subdirectory (PerlMagick) of the ImageMagick source
distribution, and may be configured and built using the
instructions provided in the ImageMagick distribution's README.txt
file. It is usually most convenient to install PerlMagick as part
of the ImageMagick distribution.
ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Next, get
the PerlMagick distribution
corresponding to the installed ImageMagick distribution (e.g.
PerlMagick 5.39 for ImageMagick 5.3.0) and unpack it as shown
below:
gunzip -c PerlMagick-5.39.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
cd PerlMagick
Next, edit Makefile.PL and change LIBS and INC to include
the appropriate path information to the required libMagick
library. You will also need paths to JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc.
delegates if they were included with your installed version of
ImageMagick. Build and install it like this:
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
For Unix, you typically need to be root to install the
software. There are ways around this. Consult the Perl manual pages
for more information.
Windows XP / Windows 2000
ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Also, the
ImageMagick source distribution for Windows
2000 is required. You must also have the nmake from
the Visual C++ or J++ development environment. Copy
\bin\IMagick.dll and \bin\X11.dll to a directory
in your dynamic load path such as c:\perl\site\5.00502 .
Next, type
cd PerlMagick
copy Makefile.nt Makefile.PL
perl Makefile.PL
nmake
nmake install
See the PerlMagick
Windows HowTo page for further installation instructions.
Running the Regression Tests
To verify a correct installation, type
make test
Use nmake test under Windows. There are a few
demonstration scripts available to exercise many of the functions
PerlMagick can perform. Type
cd demo
make
You are now ready to utilize the PerlMagick methods from
within your Perl scripts.
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Overview |
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Any script that wants to use PerlMagick methods must
first define the methods within its namespace and instantiate an
image object. Do this with:
use Image::Magick;
$image=Image::Magick->new;
The new() method takes the same parameters as
SetAttribute . For example,
$image=Image::Magick->new(size=>'384x256');
Next you will want to read an image or image sequence, manipulate
it, and then display or write it. The input and output methods for
PerlMagick are defined in Read or Write an
Image. See Set an Image Attribute for
methods that affect the way an image is read or written. Refer to
Manipulate an Image for a list of methods to
transform an image. Get an Image Attribute
describes how to retrieve an attribute for an image. Refer to
Create an Image Montage for details about
tiling your images as thumbnails on a background. Finally, some
methods do not neatly fit into any of the categories just
mentioned. Review Miscellaneous Methods for a
list of these methods.
Once you are finished with a PerlMagick object you should
consider destroying it. Each image in an image sequence is stored
in virtual memory. This can potentially add up to mega-bytes of
memory. Upon destroying a PerlMagick object, the memory is
returned for use by other Perl methods. The recommended way to
destroy an object is with undef:
undef $image;
To delete all the images but retain the Image::Magick
object use
@$image = ();
and finally, to delete a single image from a multi-image sequence,
use
undef $image->[x];
The next section illustrates how to use various PerlMagick
methods to manipulate an image sequence.
Some of the PerlMagick methods require external programs
such as Ghostscript. This may require an explicit path in
your PATH environment variable to work properly. For example,
$ENV{PATH}='/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin';
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Example Script |
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Here is an example script to get you started:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
use Image::Magick;
my($image, $x);
$image = Image::Magick->new;
$x = $image->Read('girl.png', 'logo.png', 'rose.png');
warn "$x" if "$x";
$x = $image->Crop(geometry=>'100x100"+100"+100');
warn "$x" if "$x";
$x = $image->Write('x.png');
warn "$x" if "$x";
The script reads three images, crops them, and writes a single
image as a GIF animation sequence. In many cases you may want to
access individual images of a sequence. The next example
illustrates how this is done:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
use Image::Magick;
my($image, $p, $q);
$image = new Image::Magick;
$image->Read('x1.png');
$image->Read('j*.jpg');
$image->Read('k.miff[1, 5, 3]');
$image->Contrast();
for ($x = 0; $image->[x]; $x++)
{
$image->[x]->Frame('100x200') if $image->[x]->Get('magick') eq 'GIF';
undef $image->[x] if $image->[x]->Get('columns') < 100;
}
$p = $image->[1];
$p->Draw(stroke=>'red', primitive=>'rectangle', points=>20,20 100,100');
$q = $p->Montage();
undef $image;
$q->Write('x.miff');
Suppose you want to start out with a 100 by 100 pixel white canvas
with a red pixel in the center. Try
$image = Image::Magick->new;
$image->Set(size=>'100x100');
$image->ReadImage('xc:white');
$image->Set('pixel[49,49]'=>'red');
Or suppose you want to convert your color image to grayscale:
$image->Quantize(colorspace=>'gray');
Here we annotate an image with a Taipai TrueType font:
$text = 'Works like magick!';
$image->Annotate(font=>'kai.ttf', pointsize=>40, fill=>'green', text=>$text);
Other clever things you can do with a PerlMagick objects
include
$i = $#$p"+1"; # return the number of images associated with object p
push(@$q, @$p); # push the images from object p onto object q
@$p = (); # delete the images but not the object p
$p->Convolve([1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1]); # 3x3 Gaussian kernel
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Read or Write an
Image |
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Use the methods listed below to either read, write, or display
an image or image sequence.
Read or Write Methods
| Method |
Parameters |
Return Value |
Description |
| Read |
one or more filenames |
the number of images read |
read an image or image sequence |
| Write |
filename |
the number of images written |
write an image or image sequence |
| Display |
server name |
the number of images displayed |
display the image or image sequence to an X server |
| Animate |
server name |
the number of images animated |
animate image sequence to an X server |
For convenience, methods Write(), Display(), and Animate() can
take any parameter that SetAttribute knows
about. For example,
$image->Write(filename=>'image.png', compression=>'None');
Use - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
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e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
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e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
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e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
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e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
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e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
e - as the filename to method Read() to read from
standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:
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