12.11. Warp

12.11.1. Overview

This filter displaces pixels of active layer or selection according to the grey levels of a Displacement map. Pixels are displaced according to the gradient slope in the displacement map. Pixels corresponding to solid areas are not displaced; the higher the slope, the higher the displacement.

그림 16.267. From left to right: original image, displace map, displaced image

From left to right: original image, displace map, displaced image

Solid areas of displacement map lead to no displacement. Abrupt transitions give an important displacement. A linear gradient gives a regular displacement. Displacement direction is perpendicular to gradient direction (angle = 90°).


그림 16.268. With a non-linear gradient

With a non-linear gradient

A non-linear gradient leads to curls.


그림 16.269. With a complex gradient:

With a complex gradient:

And a complex gradient, such as the Solid Noise filter can create, gives a swirl effect.


This filter offers the possibility of masking a part of the image to protect it against filter action.

12.11.2. Activating the filter

This filter is found in the image window menu under FiltersMapWarp. This filter has no Preview.

12.11.3. Options

그림 16.270. Warp filter options

Warp filter options

Basic Options

Step Size

Step is displacement distance for every filter iteration. A 10 value is necessary to get a one pixel displacement. This value can be negative to invert displacement direction.

Iterations

Iteration is the number of repetitions of effect when applying filter.

On Edges

Because of displacement, a part of pixels are driven over the borders of layer or selection, and, on the opposite side, pixels places are emptying. Four following options allow you to fix this issue:

  • Warp (default): What goes out on one side is going into the opposite side.

  • Smear: Emptying places are filled with a spreading of the neighbouring image line.

  • Black : Emptying places are filled with black color.

  • FG Color : Emptying places are filled with the Foreground color of the color area in Toolbox.

Displacement Map

To be listed in this drop-down list, the displacement map, which is a grey-scaled image, must be present on your screen when you call filter and must have the same size as the original image.

Advanced Options

Dither Size

Once all pixels displaced, this option scatters them randomly, giving grain to the image. The higher this value (0.00-100.00), the thinner the grain.

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp30241280">

그림 16.271. With a 3.00 dither size: ="idp302412