/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 =========                   |
 \\      /   F ield          | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
  \\    /    O peration      |
   \\  /     A nd            | Copyright (C) 2012-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
    \\/      M anipulation   |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Application
    foamyHexMeshBackGroundMesh

Description
    Writes out background mesh as constructed by foamyHexMesh and constructs
    distanceSurface.

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "PatchTools.H"
#include "argList.H"
#include "Time.H"
#include "triSurface.H"
#include "searchableSurfaces.H"
#include "conformationSurfaces.H"
#include "cellShapeControl.H"
#include "backgroundMeshDecomposition.H"
#include "cellShape.H"
#include "cellModeller.H"
#include "DynamicField.H"
#include "isoSurfaceCell.H"
#include "vtkSurfaceWriter.H"
#include "syncTools.H"

using namespace Foam;

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

// Tolerance (as fraction of the bounding box). Needs to be fairly lax since
// usually meshes get written with limited precision (6 digits)
static const scalar defaultMergeTol = 1e-6;

// Get merging distance when matching face centres
scalar getMergeDistance
(
    const argList& args,
    const Time& runTime,
    const boundBox& bb
)
{
    scalar mergeTol = defaultMergeTol;
    args.optionReadIfPresent("mergeTol", mergeTol);

    scalar writeTol =
        Foam::pow(scalar(10.0), -scalar(IOstream::defaultPrecision()));

    Info<< "Merge tolerance : " << mergeTol << nl
        << "Write tolerance : " << writeTol << endl;

    if (runTime.writeFormat() == IOstream::ASCII && mergeTol < writeTol)
    {
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Your current settings specify ASCII writing with "
            << IOstream::defaultPrecision() << " digits precision." << endl
            << "Your merging tolerance (" << mergeTol << ") is finer than this."
            << endl
            << "Please change your writeFormat to binary"
            << " or increase the writePrecision" << endl
            << "or adjust the merge tolerance (-mergeTol)."
            << exit(FatalError);
    }

    scalar mergeDist = mergeTol * bb.mag();

    Info<< "Overall meshes bounding box : " << bb << nl
        << "Relative tolerance          : " << mergeTol << nl
        << "Absolute matching distance  : " << mergeDist << nl
        << endl;

    return mergeDist;
}


void printMeshData(const polyMesh& mesh)
{
    // Collect all data on master

    globalIndex globalCells(mesh.nCells());
    labelListList patchNeiProcNo(Pstream::nProcs());
    labelListList patchSize(Pstream::nProcs());
    const labelList& pPatches = mesh.globalData().processorPatches();
    patchNeiProcNo[Pstream::myProcNo()].setSize(pPatches.size());
    patchSize[Pstream::myProcNo()].setSize(pPatches.size());
    forAll(pPatches, i)
    {
        const processorPolyPatch& ppp = refCast<const processorPolyPatch>
        (
            mesh.boundaryMesh()[pPatches[i]]
        );
        patchNeiProcNo[Pstream::myProcNo()][i] = ppp.neighbProcNo();
        patchSize[Pstream::myProcNo()][i] = ppp.size();
    }
    Pstream::gatherList(patchNeiProcNo);
    Pstream::gatherList(patchSize);


    // Print stats

    globalIndex globalBoundaryFaces(mesh.nFaces()-mesh.nInternalFaces());

    label maxProcCells = 0;
    label totProcFaces = 0;
    label maxProcPatches = 0;
    label totProcPatches = 0;
    label maxProcFaces = 0;

    for (label proci = 0; proci < Pstream::nProcs(); proci++)
    {
        Info<< endl
            << "Processor " << proci << nl
            << "    Number of cells = " << globalCells.localSize(proci)
            << endl;

        label nProcFaces = 0;

        const labelList& nei = patchNeiProcNo[proci];

        forAll(patchNeiProcNo[proci], i)
        {
            Info<< "    Number of faces shared with processor "
                << patchNeiProcNo[proci][i] << " = " << patchSize[proci][i]
                << endl;

            nProcFaces += patchSize[proci][i];
        }

        Info<< "    Number of processor patches = " << nei.size() << nl
            << "    Number of processor faces = " << nProcFaces << nl
            << "    Number of boundary faces = "
            << globalBoundaryFaces.localSize(proci) << endl;

        maxProcCells = max(maxProcCells, globalCells.localSize(proci));
        totProcFaces += nProcFaces;
        totProcPatches += nei.size();
        maxProcPatches = max(maxProcPatches, nei.size());
        maxProcFaces = max(maxProcFaces, nProcFaces);
    }

    // Stats

    scalar avgProcCells = scalar(globalCells.size())/Pstream::nProcs();
    scalar avgProcPatches = scalar(totProcPatches)/Pstream::nProcs();
    scalar avgProcFaces = scalar(totProcFaces)/Pstream::nProcs();

    // In case of all faces on one processor. Just to avoid division by 0.
    if (totProcPatches == 0)
    {
        avgProcPatches = 1;
    }
    if (totProcFaces == 0)
    {
        avgProcFaces = 1;
    }

    Info<< nl
        << "Number of processor faces = " << totProcFaces/2 << nl
        << "Max number of cells = " << maxProcCells
        << " (" << 100.0*(maxProcCells-avgProcCells)/avgProcCells
        << "% above average " << avgProcCells << ")" << nl
        << "Max number of processor patches = " << maxProcPatches
        << " (" << 100.0*(maxProcPatches-avgProcPatches)/avgProcPatches
        << "% above average " << avgProcPatches << ")" << nl
        << "Max number of faces between processors = " << maxProcFaces
        << " (" << 100.0*(maxProcFaces-avgProcFaces)/avgProcFaces
        << "% above average " << avgProcFaces << ")" << nl
        << endl;
}


// Return cellID
label cellLabel
(
    const Vector<label>& nCells,
    const label i,
    const label j,
    const label k
)
{
    return i*nCells[1]*nCells[2]+j*nCells[2]+k;
}

label vtxLabel
(
    const Vector<label>& nCells,
    const label i,
    const label j,
    const label k
)
{
    Vector<label> nPoints
    (
        nCells[0]+1,
        nCells[1]+1,
        nCells[2]+1
    );
    return i*nPoints[1]*nPoints[2]+j*nPoints[2]+k;
}


autoPtr<polyMesh> generateHexMesh
(
    const IOobject& io,
    const point& origin,
    const vector& cellSize,
    const Vector<label>& nCells
)
{
    pointField points;
    if (nCells[0]+nCells[1]+nCells[2] > 0)
    {
        points.setSize((nCells[0]+1)*(nCells[1]+1)*(nCells[2]+1));

        // Generate points
        for (label i = 0; i <= nCells[0]; i++)
        {
            for (label j = 0; j <= nCells[1]; j++)
            {
                for (label k = 0; k <= nCells[2]; k++)
                {
                    point pt = origin;
                    pt.x() += i*cellSize[0];
                    pt.y() += j*cellSize[1];
                    pt.z() += k*cellSize[2];
                    points[vtxLabel(nCells, i, j, k)] = pt;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    const cellModel& hex = *(cellModeller::lookup("hex"));
    cellShapeList cellShapes(nCells[0]*nCells[1]*nCells[2]);

    labelList hexPoints(8);
    label celli = 0;
    for (label i = 0; i < nCells[0]; i++)
    {
        for (label j = 0; j < nCells[1]; j++)
        {
            for (label k = 0; k < nCells[2]; k++)
            {
                hexPoints[0] = vtxLabel(nCells, i,   j,   k);
                hexPoints[1] = vtxLabel(nCells, i+1, j,   k);
                hexPoints[2] = vtxLabel(nCells, i+1, j+1, k);
                hexPoints[3] = vtxLabel(nCells, i,   j+1, k);
                hexPoints[4] = vtxLabel(nCells, i,   j,   k+1);
                hexPoints[5] = vtxLabel(nCells, i+1, j,   k+1);
                hexPoints[6] = vtxLabel(nCells, i+1, j+1, k+1);
                hexPoints[7] = vtxLabel(nCells, i,   j+1, k+1);
                cellShapes[celli++] = cellShape(hex, hexPoints);
            }
        }
    }

    faceListList boundary(0);
    wordList patchNames(0);
    wordList patchTypes(0);
    word defaultFacesName = "defaultFaces";
    word defaultFacesType = polyPatch::typeName;
    wordList patchPhysicalTypes(0);

    return autoPtr<polyMesh>
    (
        new polyMesh
        (
            io,
            xferMoveTo<pointField>(points),
            cellShapes,
            boundary,
            patchNames,
            patchTypes,
            defaultFacesName,
            defaultFacesType,
            patchPhysicalTypes
        )
    );
}


// Determine for every point a signed distance to the nearest surface
// (outside is positive)
tmp<scalarField> signedDistance
(
    const scalarField& distSqr,
    const pointField& points,
    const searchableSurfaces& geometry,
    const labelList& surfaces
)
{
    tmp<scalarField> tfld(new scalarField(points.size(), Foam::sqr(GREAT)));
    scalarField& fld = tfld();

    // Find nearest
    List<pointIndexHit> nearest;
    labelList nearestSurfaces;
    searchableSurfacesQueries::findNearest
    (
        geometry,
        surfaces,
        points,
        scalarField(points.size(), Foam::sqr(GREAT)),//distSqr
        nearestSurfaces,
        nearest
    );

    // Determine sign of nearest. Sort by surface to do this.
    DynamicField<point> surfPoints(points.size());
    DynamicList<label> surfIndices(points.size());

    forAll(surfaces, surfI)
    {
        // Extract points on this surface
        surfPoints.clear();
        surfIndices.clear();
        forAll(nearestSurfaces, i)
        {
            if (nearestSurfaces[i] == surfI)
            {
                surfPoints.append(points[i]);
                surfIndices.append(i);
            }
        }

        // Calculate sideness of these surface points
        label geomI = surfaces[surfI];
        List<volumeType> volType;
        geometry[geomI].getVolumeType(surfPoints, volType);

        // Push back to original
        forAll(volType, i)
        {
            label pointi = surfIndices[i];
            scalar dist = mag(points[pointi] - nearest[pointi].hitPoint());

            volumeType vT = volType[i];

            if (vT == volumeType::OUTSIDE)
            {
                fld[pointi] = dist;
            }
            else if (vT == volumeType::INSIDE)
            {
                fld[i] = -dist;
            }
            else
            {
                FatalErrorInFunction
                    << "getVolumeType failure, neither INSIDE or OUTSIDE"
                    << exit(FatalError);
            }
        }
    }

    return tfld;
}



// Main program:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    argList::addNote
    (
        "Generate foamyHexMesh-consistent representation of surfaces"
    );
    argList::addBoolOption
    (
        "writeMesh",
        "write the resulting mesh and distance fields"
    );
    argList::addOption
    (
        "mergeTol",
        "scalar",
        "specify the merge distance relative to the bounding box size "
        "(default 1e-6)"
    );

    #include "setRootCase.H"
    #include "createTime.H"
    runTime.functionObjects().off();

    const bool writeMesh = args.optionFound("writeMesh");

    if (writeMesh)
    {
        Info<< "Writing resulting mesh and cellDistance, pointDistance fields."
            << nl << endl;
    }


    IOdictionary foamyHexMeshDict
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "foamyHexMeshDict",
            runTime.system(),
            runTime,
            IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE
        )
    );

    // Define/load all geometry
    searchableSurfaces allGeometry
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "cvSearchableSurfaces",
            runTime.constant(),
            "triSurface",
            runTime,
            IOobject::MUST_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE
        ),
        foamyHexMeshDict.subDict("geometry"),
        foamyHexMeshDict.lookupOrDefault("singleRegionName", true)
    );

    Random rndGen(64293*Pstream::myProcNo());

    conformationSurfaces geometryToConformTo
    (
        runTime,
        rndGen,
        allGeometry,
        foamyHexMeshDict.subDict("surfaceConformation")
    );

    cellShapeControl cellShapeControls
    (
        runTime,
        foamyHexMeshDict.subDict("motionControl"),
        allGeometry,
        geometryToConformTo
    );


    // Generate starting block mesh
    vector cellSize;
    {
        const treeBoundBox& bb = geometryToConformTo.globalBounds();

        // Determine the number of cells in each direction.
        const vector span = bb.span();
        vector nScalarCells = span/cellShapeControls.defaultCellSize();

        // Calculate initial cell size to be a little bit smaller than the
        // defaultCellSize to avoid initial refinement triggering.
        Vector<label> nCells = Vector<label>
        (
            label(nScalarCells.x())+2,
            label(nScalarCells.y())+2,
            label(nScalarCells.z())+2
        );
        cellSize = vector
        (
            span[0]/nCells[0],
            span[1]/nCells[1],
            span[2]/nCells[2]
        );

        Info<< "Generating initial hex mesh with" << nl
            << "    bounding box : " << bb << nl
            << "    nCells       : " << nCells << nl
            << "    cellSize     : " << cellSize << nl
            << endl;

        autoPtr<polyMesh> meshPtr
        (
            generateHexMesh
            (
                IOobject
                (
                    polyMesh::defaultRegion,
                    runTime.constant(),
                    runTime
                ),
                bb.min(),
                cellSize,
                (
                    Pstream::master()
                  ? nCells
                  : Vector<label>(0, 0, 0)
                )
            )
        );
        Info<< "Writing initial hex mesh to " << meshPtr().instance() << nl
            << endl;
        meshPtr().write();
    }

    // Distribute the initial mesh
    if (Pstream::parRun())
    {
        #include "createMesh.H"
        Info<< "Loaded mesh:" << endl;
        printMeshData(mesh);

        // Allocate a decomposer
        IOdictionary decompositionDict
        (
            IOobject
            (
                "decomposeParDict",
                runTime.system(),
                mesh,
                IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED,
                IOobject::NO_WRITE
            )
        );

        autoPtr<decompositionMethod> decomposer
        (
            decompositionMethod::New
            (
                decompositionDict
            )
        );

        labelList decomp = decomposer().decompose(mesh, mesh.cellCentres());

        // Global matching tolerance
        const scalar tolDim = getMergeDistance
        (
            args,
            runTime,
            mesh.bounds()
        );

        // Mesh distribution engine
        fvMeshDistribute distributor(mesh, tolDim);

        Info<< "Wanted distribution:"
            << distributor.countCells(decomp) << nl << endl;

        // Do actual sending/receiving of mesh
        autoPtr<mapDistributePolyMesh> map = distributor.distribute(decomp);

        // Print some statistics
        //Info<< "After distribution:" << endl;
        //printMeshData(mesh);

        mesh.setInstance(runTime.constant());
        Info<< "Writing redistributed mesh" << nl << endl;
        mesh.write();
    }


    Info<< "Refining backgroud mesh according to cell size specification" << nl
        << endl;

    backgroundMeshDecomposition backgroundMesh
    (
        runTime,
        rndGen,
        geometryToConformTo,
        foamyHexMeshDict
    );

    if (writeMesh)
    {
        runTime++;
        Info<< "Writing mesh to " << runTime.timeName() << endl;
        backgroundMesh.mesh().write();
    }

    const scalar tolDim = getMergeDistance
    (
        args,
        runTime,
        backgroundMesh.mesh().bounds()
    );


    faceList isoFaces;
    pointField isoPoints;

    {
        // Apply a distanceSurface to it.
        const fvMesh& fvm = backgroundMesh.mesh();

        volScalarField cellDistance
        (
            IOobject
            (
                "cellDistance",
                fvm.time().timeName(),
                fvm.time(),
                IOobject::NO_READ,
                IOobject::NO_WRITE,
                false
            ),
            fvm,
            dimensionedScalar("zero", dimLength, 0)
        );

        const searchableSurfaces& geometry = geometryToConformTo.geometry();
        const labelList& surfaces = geometryToConformTo.surfaces();


        // Get maximum search size per cell
        scalarField distSqr(cellDistance.size());

        const labelList& cellLevel = backgroundMesh.cellLevel();
        forAll(cellLevel, celli)
        {
            // The largest edge of the cell will always be less than the
            // span of the bounding box of the cell.
            distSqr[celli] = magSqr(cellSize)/pow(2, cellLevel[celli]);
        }

        {
            // Internal field
            cellDistance.primitiveFieldRef() = signedDistance
            (
                distSqr,
                fvm.C(),
                geometry,
                surfaces
            );
            // Patch fields
            forAll(fvm.C().boundaryField(), patchi)
            {
                const pointField& cc = fvm.C().boundaryField()[patchi];
                fvPatchScalarField& fld = cellDistance.boundaryField()[patchi];
                scalarField patchDistSqr
                (
                    fld.patch().patchInternalField(distSqr)
                );
                fld = signedDistance(patchDistSqr, cc, geometry, surfaces);
            }

            // On processor patches the fvm.C() will already be the cell centre
            // on the opposite side so no need to swap cellDistance.

            if (writeMesh)
            {
                cellDistance.write();
            }
        }


        // Distance to points
        pointScalarField pointDistance
        (
            IOobject
            (
                "pointDistance",
                fvm.time().timeName(),
                fvm.time(),
                IOobject::NO_READ,
                IOobject::NO_WRITE,
                false
            ),
            pointMesh::New(fvm),
            dimensionedScalar("zero", dimLength, 0)
        );
        {
            scalarField pointDistSqr(fvm.nPoints(), -sqr(GREAT));
            for (label facei = 0; facei < fvm.nInternalFaces(); facei++)
            {
                label own = fvm.faceOwner()[facei];
                label ownDistSqr = distSqr[own];

                const face& f = fvm.faces()[facei];
                forAll(f, fp)
                {
                    pointDistSqr[f[fp]] = max(pointDistSqr[f[fp]], ownDistSqr);
                }
            }
            syncTools::syncPointList
            (
                fvm,
                pointDistSqr,
                maxEqOp<scalar>(),
                -sqr(GREAT)             // null value
            );

            pointDistance.primitiveFieldRef() = signedDistance
            (
                pointDistSqr,
                fvm.points(),
                geometry,
                surfaces
            );

            if (writeMesh)
            {
                pointDistance.write();
            }
        }

        isoSurfaceCell iso
        (
            fvm,
            cellDistance,
            pointDistance,
            0,      //distance,
            false   //regularise
        );

        isoFaces.setSize(iso.size());
        forAll(isoFaces, i)
        {
            isoFaces[i] = iso[i].triFaceFace();
        }
        isoPoints = iso.points();
    }


    pointField mergedPoints;
    faceList mergedFaces;
    labelList pointMergeMap;
    PatchTools::gatherAndMerge
    (
        tolDim,
        primitivePatch
        (
            SubList<face>(isoFaces, isoFaces.size()),
            isoPoints
        ),
        mergedPoints,
        mergedFaces,
        pointMergeMap
    );

    vtkSurfaceWriter writer;
    writer.write
    (
        runTime.path(),
        "iso",
        mergedPoints,
        mergedFaces
    );

    Info<< "End\n" << endl;

    return 0;
}


// ************************************************************************* //
